Y11GeoGen_CatchmentsUnit

Which of the following statements best describes catchments.

• Any location, natural or artificial, that is engineered to permanently/semi-permanently accumulate water

• An area of the landscape where the topography favours the natural accumulation of water

• An area of the landscape that is engineered to permanently hold water

• Any location, natural or artificial, that geographically favours permanent/semi-permanent water accumulation

A natural subterranean reserve which accumulates percolated water in porous soils and rock.

• Aquifers

• Rivers

• Lagoon

• Dams

Which statements about weirs is false.

• Weirs can be composed of any shape and slope.

• Weirs are built for the accumulation of drinking water.

• Weirs are designed to control water without destroying the environment down the flow

• Weirs are engineered to control the volume and flow of water.

Which of the following statistics is incorrect about the distribution of Earth's water.

• 76% of Earth's freshwater is in groundwater

• 2.5% of Earth's total volume of water is freshwater

• 68% of Earth's freshwater is in glaciers

• 1.2% of all Earth's freshwater is located in surface catchments

Which of the following is an incorrect condition for the location of a new dam.

• Sufficient rainfall

• No more than 1 or 2 run-off areas

• Substrate that will not allow the rapid percolation of water

• Can be located on private or public property

Which of the following is not a cause for the natural movement of water through the ground.

• Osmosis

• Pumping

• Capillary Force

• Gravity

This image shows the breakdown of substrates and ground water.

The regions labelled (2) represent areas where water cannot percolate deeper into the Earth.

What is the name for the regions denoted (2)?

• Aquitard

• Aquifer

• Saturated Zone

• Unsaturated Zone

This image shows the breakdown of substrates and ground water.

The regions labelled (3) represent areas where soils go through periods of dryness and wetness.

What is the name for the region denoted (3)?

• Aquitard

• Aquifer

• Saturated Zone

• Unsaturated Zone

Still and flowing catchments such as lakes and rivers are the result of...

• ...natural springs that are not capped.

• ...capillary forces moving water inland from the ocean.

• ...depressions in topography exposing the water table to the surface.

• ...non-stop rainfall all year.

This diagram is a cross-section of the Oroville Dam in California.

Engineers have installed waterproof/impervious membranes within the Dam wall.

Why?

• To stop the capillary effect from eroding the dam

• To stop the water from percolating down to the water table

• To filter the water

• To make the dam look prettier to divers