Final Exam - Chapter 11 (Part 3)

What is the main difference between viroids and viruses?

• Viroids contain only nucleic acid, while viruses contain both nucleic acid and proteins.

• Viroids are larger in size compared to viruses.

• Viroids contain circular genomes, while viruses have linear genomes.

• Viroids infect animal cells, while viruses infect plant cells.

Which of the following statements about viroids is true?

• Viroids are composed of DNA and proteins.

• Viroids are larger in size than the genomes of bacteria.

• Viroids are infectious RNA particles that lack any proteins.

• Viroids infect a wide range of plants and animals.

Why do viroids appear smaller than viruses in size?

• Viroids have a circular structure, making them appear smaller.

• Viroids lack a protein coat, which reduces their overall size.

• Viroids are composed of DNA, which is smaller than RNA.

• Viroids contain fewer genetic elements compared to viruses.

What disease in potatoes is caused by viroids?

• Potato blight

• Potato spindle tuber disease

• Potato mosaic virus

• Potato blackleg

In which type of cells do viroids primarily infect?

• Animal cells

• Bacterial cells

• Fungal cells

• Plant cells

What is the meaning of the term "prion"?

• Prion refers to a type of virus found in the brain.

• Prion stands for "proteinaceous infectious agents", indicating an infectious agent made up of protein.

• Prion denotes a type of bacteria responsible for infectious diseases.

• Prion represents a type of nucleic acid commonly found in mammals' brains.

Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of prions?

• Stanley Prisoner

• Stanley Prion

• Stanley Proton

• Stanley Prusiner

What characteristic differentiates prions from other infectious agents like viruses?

• Prions contain both protein and nucleic acid.

• Prions are smaller in size compared to viruses.

• Prions undergo confirmation changes without changes in gene sequence.

• Prions are highly sensitive to heat and can be destroyed by boiling.

How do prions become infectious?

• By acquiring mutations in their gene sequence

• Through exposure to ionizing radiation

• By changing their protein folding from normal to an infectious form

• By replicating their nucleic acid in host cells

What method is effective in destroying prions?

• Boiling at high temperatures

• Exposure to ionizing radiation

• Autoclaving with high heat and pressure

• Refrigeration at low temperatures