Biotechnology Practice

The process shown below is used to

• identify the father of a newborn

• produce a hormone to regulate blood sugar

• determine if a person has a genetic disease

• produce human growth hormone

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Modern technology could be used to clone pet dogs and cats. The cloned animals would resemble the original pets because

• half of the genetic information of the new animals is the same as that of the original pets

• the new animals have the same genetic information as the original pets

• the genes of the new animals are different from those of the original pets

• the new animals have mutations not found in the original pets

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The gel electrophoresis patterns for two species can be compared to reveal similarities and differences in

• body structures

• nutrients required

• base sequences

• gametes produced

If scientists want to determine the similarities in the DNA fragments in several plant species, they should

• compare seed structures of the plants

• add salt water to cells from each plant

• analyze electrophoresis results

• examine their chromosomes with a microscope

Farmers may someday clone their best milk-producing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?

• The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.

• Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd.

• The cows could be mated only with each other.

• It may be difficult to tell the animals apart.

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The overall process is important because it:

• helps scientists understand how amino acids are grouped together to form a genetic code

• may be used to make human DNA identical to that of other organisms

• results in the production of carbohydrates that cannot mutate and cause disease

• may be used to produce chemicals that can be used to treat certain human disorders

Over the past few thousand years, humans have helped to bring about changes in many plant and animal species in order to make them more useful. Examples include strong workhorses, hunting dogs, large-eared corn, and beautiful flower varieties.

These changes were primarily brought about by humans, using the process of:

• cloning

• natural selection

• mitosis

• selective breeding

Some salmon have been genetically modified to grow bigger and mature faster than wild salmon. They are kept in fish-farming facilities.

Which statement regarding genetically modified salmon is correct?

• Genetically modified salmon produce more of some proteins than wild salmon

• Wild salmon have an altered protein sequence, but genetically modified salmon do not

• Wild salmon reproduce asexually while genetically modified salmon reproduce sexually

• Genetically modified salmon and wild salmon would have identical DNA

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As a way to reduce the number of cases of malaria, a human tropical disease, a specific DNA sequence is inserted into the reproductive cells of Anopheles mosquitoes. Which process was most likely used to alter these mosquitoes?

• genetic engineering

• cloning studies

• random mutations

• natural selection

The organic compounds that scientists use to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA are:

• hormones

• carbohydrates

• enzymes

• starches