Q4 Benchmark Review

What is Hamilton’s claim in the passage from Federalist No. 78?

“ [T]he judiciary from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in the capacity to annoy or injure them.” - Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78 (1788)

• The Supreme Court is dangerous to individual rights and liberties

• The Supreme Court is the least capable to injure individual rights and liberties

• The Supreme Court has expansive powers

• The Supreme Court is the most powerful of the three branches of government

Which of the following supports Hamilton’s argument in Federalist No. 78?

“ [T]he judiciary from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in the capacity to annoy or injure them.” - Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78 (1788)

• Supreme Court decisions are constrained by a jury

• The Court can rule any action by Congress and the President unconstitutional

• The Court can only hear cases that are brought before it following strict procedures

• Supreme Court Justices serve for life

Where does Roosevelt claim his authority to issue this proclamation comes from?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066

“NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders…to prescribe military areas…from which any or all persons may be excluded…The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such area who are excluded therefrom, such transportation, food, shelter, and other accommodations as may be necessary…”

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Executive Order 9066

• A. Congress

• B. The Supreme Court

• C. The Declaration of Independence

• D. The U.S. Constitution

How are Executive Orders different from a law passed through Congress?

• A. Executive orders are only in effect for 60 days while laws passed by Congress are in effect until overturned by the Supreme Court

• B. There is no difference, they have the force of law

• C. Executive orders have the force of law and can be challenged in court like a law, but can be undone by future presidential executive orders or congressional legislation

• D. Laws passed by Congress affect the whole country, executive orders only affect the military and military actions

How might the trend illustrated in the bar chart above influence how public officials use media to shape public opinion?

• Elected officials and candidates running for office will increasingly use social media to reach out to voters and constituents.

• Social media has led to more candidates running as independents rather than as members of political parties.

• Public officials are going to focus on radio and television advertisements to reach the most people.

• Elected officials and candidates for office are still not utilizing social media in their campaigns.

According to Article II of the US Constitution, who is responsible for appointing Electors?

Article II, US Constitution

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.” Article II, US Constitution

• The President

• The Supreme Court

• The Legislature

• The Senate

This passage establishes the rules for electing which office?

Article II, US Constitution

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.” Article II, US Constitution

• Representatives in the House of Representatives

• Senators

• Supreme Court Justices

• The President

Which of the following are criticisms of the Electoral College? (Select all that apply)

• In most states, the candidate that loses the popular vote receives no Electoral College votes

• The winner of the nationwide popular vote may not be the winner in the Electoral College vote

• It gives too much power to smaller states

• It gives too much power to large states

Which of the following is a criticism often directed at the Electoral College system?

• It can result in a president being elected without winning the popular vote

• It increases the influence of smaller states disproportionately

• It simplifies the voting process for citizens

• It ensures a direct democracy approach to presidential elections

Which year had the greatest increase in primary participation for both parties?

• 2004

• 2008

• 2012

• 2016