Mr. Lawson's Physical Science Progress Monitoring Assessment

Which of the following statements best describes the common states of matter?

• Matter exists in four common states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Each state has distinct properties based on the arrangement and movement of particles.

• Matter exists in three common states: solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma is a less common state that occurs at extremely high temperatures.

• Matter exists in five common states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate. Each state has unique properties governed by quantum mechanics.

• Matter exists in two common states: solid and liquid. Gases are less common and only occur under specific conditions of temperature and pressure.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Which statement best differentiates between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter?

• Physical properties describe the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition, while chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances to form new substances. Physical changes involve alterations in the form or state of matter without changing its chemical composition, while chemical changes involve the formation of new substances with different chemical compositions.

• Physical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances to form new substances, while chemical properties describe the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition. Physical changes involve the formation of new substances with different chemical compositions, while chemical changes involve alterations in the form or state of matter without changing its chemical composition.

• Physical properties and chemical properties both describe how a substance interacts with other substances to form new substances. Physical changes involve alterations in the form or state of matter without changing its chemical composition, while chemical changes involve the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition.

• Physical properties and chemical properties both describe the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition. Physical changes involve alterations in the form or state of matter without changing its chemical composition, while chemical changes involve how a substance interacts with other substances to form new substances.

Why is it important to understand how alpha and beta particles affect elements?

• They are involved in chemical reactions that determine the reactivity of elements.

• They contribute to the formation of chemical bonds between different elements.

• They are crucial for understanding the behavior of electrons in atoms.

• They play key roles in nuclear reactions and radioactive decay processes, influencing fields such as nuclear physics, radiation protection, nuclear energy, and astrophysics.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which of the following interactions between elements is most likely to occur?

• Be giving its electrons to F, becoming a positively ionized element.

• Br gaining its electrons from Ga, becoming a negatively ionized element

• Na giving its electrons to Cl, becoming a positively ionized element.

• O giving its electrons to Be, becoming a positively ionized element.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Concerning the periodic table, and elements position on it, which of the following statements are most correct.

• Elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

• Elements in the same row of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of electron shells.

• Noble gases are highly reactive due to their complete valence electron shells.

• Elements in group 1 are most likely to react with elements from group 17 because they share the same number of electron shells.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-2

In chemistry, when an element shares an electron with another element it is called ________?

• Permanent Bond

• Ionic Bond

• Covalent Bond

• Theolurgic Bond

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Which of the following best describes the representation of a C6H12O6¬ compound in a chemical formula?

• Chemical symbols represent individual elements, and subscripts indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the compound.

• Parentheses are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the compound.

• Covalent bonds are represented by the arrangement of chemical symbols in the formula.

• Ionic compounds are represented by the presence of parentheses in the formula.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of a redox reaction?

• Redox reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds, resulting in the formation of two new compounds.

• Redox reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a single compound.

• Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, leading to changes in oxidation states.

• Redox reactions occur when an element replaces another element in a compound, resulting in the formation of a new compound and a free element.

Consider the combustion of ethane (C2H6) in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water: C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O If 20.0 grams of ethane react with excess oxygen and 44.0 grams of carbon dioxide are produced, what mass of water is produced in the reaction?

• 16g

• 18g

• 20g

• 22g

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NGSS.HS-PS1-7

Which of the following best describes the role of oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions in both living and non-living systems?

• Redox reactions in living systems primarily involve the corrosion of metals, leading to the deterioration of surfaces.

• In living systems, redox reactions play crucial roles in biological processes such as cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and enzymatic reactions, while in non-living systems, they are mainly involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation.

• Redox reactions are exclusive to non-living systems and are primarily utilized in industrial processes such as chemical synthesis and wastewater treatment.

• Non-living systems rely on redox reactions to facilitate essential metabolic processes, including biosynthesis and cellular signaling.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-5