Ch 13 vocabulary

the idea that police will be less likely to violate a citizen’s rights if they know

that illegally seized evidence will be thrown out of court

• nolo contendere

• indictment

• detterence

• good faith

A screening process used in about half of the states in felony cases to

determine whether there is enough evidence to require the defendant to

stand trial. The prosecutor is required to establish before a judge that a

crime probably has been committed and that the defendant probably did it.

• preliminary hearing

• bench trial

• grand jury indictment

• arraignment

a formal request that a court make a ruling or take some other action

• booking

• grand jury

• preliminary hearing

• pretrial motion

a formal criminal charge filed with the court by the prosecutor without the aid

of a preliminary hearing or a grand jury.

• information

• booking

• arrest

• initial appearance

this happens between the arrest and booking; the accused must appear

before a judge or magistrate who will explain the defendant's rights, advise

him or her of the exact nature of the charges against them, and decide

whether or not the defendant will be released from custody and under what

conditions

• preliminary hearing

• initial hearing

• bench trial

• arraignment

an exception to the exclusionary rule can sometimes allow illegally

obtained evidence to be used at trial

• detterence

• good faith

• plea bargaining

• judicial integrity

states that, "any evidence that is illegally seized by law enforcement

(including illegal questioning) cannot be used to convict the accused at trial"

• nolo contendere

• exclusionary rule

• 8th Amendment

• pretrial motion

requires that before anyone can be tried for a crime in federal court for a

felony there must be a grand jury indictment, or formal charge of criminal

action.

• 8th Amendment

• exclusionary rule

• 5th Amendment

• 4th Amendment

prevents someone from being freed on bail if he or she is charged with a

federal felony offense and believed to be dangerous.

• Bail Restoration Act (1993)

• deterrence

• personal recognizance

• Bail Reform

  Act (1984)

a group of 16 to 23 people charged with determining whether there is

sufficient cause to believe that a person has committed a crime and should

stand trial.

• preliminary hearing

• Grand Jury

• a mob

• defendants