Unit 5: Bacteria and Viruses

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical bacterial cell?

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Nucleus' because bacterial cells do not have a nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells. Bacterial cells have a nucleoid region instead.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What is the role of the host cell in the viral replication process?

• It provides energy to the virus

• It destroys the virus

• It replicates the viral genetic material

• It captures other viruses

Answer explanation

The role of the host cell in the viral replication process is to replicate the viral genetic material, allowing the virus to reproduce and spread.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacterial infections but NOT viral infections?

• Can be treated with antibiotics

• Can be prevented with vaccines

• Involve replication inside host cells

• Can cause a fever

Answer explanation

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, which is a characteristic not applicable to viral infections.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

How do vaccines primarily work to protect the body from diseases?

• By killing pathogens directly

• By stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight pathogens

• By physically blocking pathogens from entering the body

• By reducing the symptoms of diseases

Answer explanation

By stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight pathogens

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What is a key difference between bacterial and viral infections in terms of their treatment?

• Bacterial infections require hydration, while viral infections do not.

• Viral infections can be treated with antibiotics, while bacterial cannot.

• Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections generally cannot.

• Viral infections require surgical intervention, while bacterial do not.

Answer explanation

Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections generally cannot.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Which of the following is NOT a step in the viral replication cycle?

• Binary fission

• Integration

• Synthesis

• Assembly

Answer explanation

Binary fission is NOT a step in the viral replication cycle. The other steps include Integration, Synthesis, and Assembly.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What is the primary purpose of a vaccine?

• To cure the disease once the symptoms appear

• To provide immediate immunity to all diseases

• To prepare the immune system to fight future infections

• To weaken the immune system

Answer explanation

The primary purpose of a vaccine is to prepare the immune system to fight future infections, not to cure diseases once symptoms appear or weaken the immune system.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Which structure do viruses lack that most other organisms have?

• Genetic material

• A cell wall

• Ribosomes

• Both B and C

Answer explanation

Viruses lack a cell wall and ribosomes, which are present in most other organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Bacteria are 

• single celled, living organisms 

• Multicellular non-living organisms

• Unicellular eukaryotes

• Multicellular eukaryotes

Answer explanation

Bacteria are single celled, living organisms, making them the correct choice from the given options.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

I cause dead animals to really stink when I slowly digest their tissues. I am a single celled organism with no nucleus in my cell.

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Anamalia

• Bacteria

Answer explanation

Bacteria cause dead animals to stink by slowly digesting their tissues. They are single-celled organisms without a nucleus.