IGCSE Geography - Environmental Risk (Unit 3.7)

"The wearing away and redistribution of the Earth’s soil. It is caused by the action of water, wind and ice, and also by unsustainable methods of agriculture (and deforestation)" is the definition for which key term?

• Desertification

• Soil erosion

• Deforestation

• Run off

"Destruction of forest for timber, fuel, charcoal burning, and clearing for agriculture and extractive industries, such as mining. It causes fertile soil to be blown away or washed into rivers, leading to soil erosion, drought, flooding and loss of wildlife" is the definition for which key term?

• Deforestation

• Desertification

• Pollution

• Climate change

Is soil renewable?

• Yes it can be made over and over again

• It is infinite

• No it is considered finite as it takes much longer than human lifetimes to form any depth.

• It is renewable

Which of these are causes of soil erosion?

• Deforestation

• Agricultural mismanagement

• Urbanisation

• Overpopulation

What is "sustainable development"?

• People meeting their needs through economic development

• Conservation of resources

• Economic development in LICs

• A carefully calculated system of resource management which ensures that the current level of exploitation does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

How does terracing prevent soil erosion in agriculture?

• They are for growing rice.

• The growing area/field is levelled off and stone or other barriers stop soil running downhill.

• There are water buffalo that hold the soil in place.

• They move left and right to maintain a constant altitude, which reduces runoff.

What is causing enhanced global warming?

• Solar flares

• Release of too many greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from economic activities

• It is natural climate change

• Ozone layer depletion

Which of these are NOT greenhouse gases

• Methane

• Ozone

• Particulate matter

• CO2

• Oxygen

Tick all of these that are impacts of global warming:

• Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps

• Running out of oil

• Sea level rise

• Spread of tropical diseases to higher latitudes

• Increasing ocean acidity

How many people died in 2016 from outdoor air pollution?

• 70 million

• 7 million

• 700,000

• 700