U.S. History Final Exam Review (Units 5 & 6)

According to the passage, what are two policies the United States used in response to the increase in Soviet Power? "The Truman Doctrine called for providing economic aid to help free nations resist communism. The United States also began the Marshall Plan. This was a massive program of aid to Western Europe. It enabled the Europeans to rebuild. As a result, Western Europe was able to feed its people. It could also buy products from the United States. The Marshall Plan helped the United States build strong political support in Western Europe."

• Truman Doctrine
• Treaty of Versailles
• Oil Embargo
• Marshall Plan

What does NATO stand for?

• Northern Alaska Trade Organization
• North Atlantic Trade Organization
• North African Treaty Organization
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization

According to the passage, why was NATO formed? "Five nations joined in a system of common defense. Then the United States and six other nations joined the original five. They formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The nations of NATO pledged to defend each other against a Soviet attack."

• Encourage Trade
• defend each other against a Soviet attack
• Launch an assault on the Soviet Union
• Overthrow governments in Africa

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

• Communism wasn't contained and Korea is united as a Communist country
• Communism was contained and Korea is united as a Democratic country
• The USA controls the entire Korean Peninsula
• Remained divided in half with the North being Communist and the South being Democratic

According to the passage, what new type of bomb did Americans develop? "Atomic bombs ended World War II. The United States searched for even more powerful weapons. Nuclear testing took place in several states. Americans also worked on an entirely new type of bomb. This was the hydrogen bomb. It got its power from fusing hydrogen atoms together. This fusion is the same process that creates the energy of the sun and stars. Americans thought this bomb would give them an advantage over the Soviet Union. Soon, however, the Soviets developed their own hydrogen bomb."

• Hydrogen Bombs
• Atomic Bombs
• Helium Bombs
• ICBMs

According to the passage, what is an arms race? "The arms race was a competition for supremacy in weapons and technology between the United States (and their NATO allies) and the Soviet Union (and their Warsaw Pact allies) during the Cold War. During the Cold War, the world grew more dangerous because each side feared the other. As a consequence, each side built up their armies and weapons. As one side built up its own military and weapons capabilities, the other side felt more threatened. One weapon that created immense fear was the atomic or nuclear bomb. The nuclear arms race dominated relations between the United States and the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War."

• An arm wrestling competition
• a competition for supremacy in weapons and technologies
• Another name for a marathon
• An olympic event

What is the name of the first artificial satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union?

• Knickerbockers
• Splenda
• Sputnik
• Stetson

Fidel Castro was the leader of which country?

• Haiti
• Soviet Union
• China
• Cuba

According to the passage, why did the East Germans build a wall around West Berlin? "West Berlin was an island of freedom surrounded by East Germany. Kennedy reacted by sending more troops. Thousands of East Germans were escaping to West Berlin. To stop them, the East Germans closed the borders and built a high wall around Berlin. Anyone caught crossing the wall was shot."

• East Germans were escaping to West Berlin
• West Berlin kept attacking East Germany
• East Germany wanted to keep West Berlinians out
• West Berlin was too cold

According to the passage, what is a generation gap? Early in the 1968 election campaign, Senator Eugene McCarthy challenged President Johnson for the Democratic presidential nomination. So did Robert Kennedy, senator from New York. When Johnson withdrew from the race, his vice president, Hubert Humphrey, also entered the race. He was linked to policies supporting the war. McCarthy and Kennedy were against the war. The war was a key issue. Kennedy was the Democratic favorite, but after winning the California primary he was assassinated. When the Democratic Party held its convention in Chicago that August, many antiwar protesters came to demonstrate. Chicago mayor Richard Daley used police and the National Guard to maintain order. The situation exploded into violence. Humphrey was nominated. The protests showed that there was a divide between young people and their parents, a “generation gap.” Young people accused the older generation of valuing money and comfort ahead of justice. Older Americans urged them to trust the government to do best. The Democratic Party was deeply divided. The Republicans nominated Richard Nixon for president. George Wallace ran as the candidate of the American Independent Party. Wallace had gained national attention by opposing civil rights. With the Democrats divided, Nixon won."

• A missing generation due to war
• A generation not having enough kids
• a divide between young people and their parents
• A mere difference in the age of people