Variants of Judaism

What is a defining characteristic of Reform Judaism's approach to the Torah?

• The Torah is seen as the literal word of God.

• The Torah is considered both inspirational and instructional, but not literal.

• The Torah is not used in Reform Judaism.

• The Torah is only read in Hebrew.

Which of the following is NOT a belief or practice rejected by Reform Judaism?

• The literal interpretation of the Torah.

• The concept of a personal Messiah.

• Strict halakhic observance.

• The importance of social justice.

What innovation in ritual practice is associated with Reform Judaism?

• Strict adherence to halakhic laws.

• Segregation of men and women during worship.

• Integration of the community in services and mixed seating.

• Complete rejection of the Hebrew language.

How has Reform Judaism's stance on Zionism changed since the Holocaust?

• It has become less sympathetic to the Zionist cause.

• It has remained indifferent to Zionism.

• It has become more sympathetic to the Zionist cause.

• It has fully embraced Zionist principles as central to its beliefs.

What is a key reason for the limited number of members in Reconstructionism?

• It was founded very recently.

• It adheres strictly to traditional Jewish laws.

• It was formalised relatively late, in the 1950s and 1960s.

• It does not allow new members.

What is the core belief of Conservative Judaism regarding the interpretation of halakhic law?

• It is strictly bound to ancient interpretations and cannot be changed.

• It is open to interpretation and adjustment to contemporary needs.

• It completely rejects the halakhic law.

• It follows the interpretations set by Orthodox Judaism without changes.

According to Mordecai Kaplan, what is the Torah's role in Judaism?

• It is a historical document with no current relevance.

• It is a set of laws dictated directly by God.

• It is an expression of ancient Israel's attempt to base life on a declaration of dependence on God.

• It is merely a cultural artifact without religious significance.

How does Reconstructionism view the concept of God compared to Conservative Judaism?

• Both view God as a supernatural being.

• Reconstructionism sees God as a process or power, not a supernatural being.

• Both reject the notion of God.

• Reconstructionism adheres to the belief in a personal God.

What is a notable feature of Conservative Judaism in terms of service language?

• Services are held exclusively in Hebrew.

• Services are held in the vernacular at certain times.

• Services do not include any spoken language, focusing only on music.

• Services are conducted in ancient Aramaic only.

What is the primary characteristic of Orthodox Judaism as described in the text?

• Emphasis on cultural integration

• Strict observance of mitzvot

• Focus on economic development

• Promotion of secular education