The influence of Greek and Roman culture on some Renaissance art is reflected in

• a realistic portrayal of the human body
• challenges made to ancient religious ideals
• the impact of William Shakespeare’s writing in southern Europe
• competition promoted between northern and southern European artists

The Pax Romana, the Golden Age of Islam, and the Renaissance were all periods of

• cultural isolationism
• censorship and regulation
• advancements in arts and in knowledge
• decreasing influence of religion on cultural practices

What is a major reason the Renaissance began in the Italian city-states?

• The Rhine River provided power to Italian industries.
• The Alps isolated these city-states from the rest of Europe.
• The Mediterranean location of these city-states encouraged trade.
• The favorable climate of Italy led to a reliance on agricultural products.

Which statement best expresses the philosophy of Humanism?

• God selects those to be saved.
• The pope expresses the ultimate word of God.
• People have potential and can improve themselves by learning.
• A person’s life on Earth is merely preparation for the afterlife.

-Focus on individual achievement -Use of classical Greek and Roman ideas -Artistic works of Leonardo da Vinci

Which time period is most closely associated with these characteristics?

• Hellenistic Golden Age
• Early Middle Ages
• European Renaissance
• Scientific Revolution

One impact Gutenberg’s printing press had on western Europe was

• the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas
• a decrease in the number of universities
• a decline in literacy
• the unification of the Holy Roman Empire

“...Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope’s indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved;...” — Martin Luther

Which period in European history is most directly related to this statement?

• Age of Exploration
• Scientific Revolution
• Crusades
• Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther was primarily dissatisfied with the Roman Catholic Church because he

• thought the church lacked structure
• disagreed with the sale of indulgences
• blamed the church for not curing people who had the plague
• believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy

Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?

• Religious unity declines throughout Europe.
• The Catholic Counter-Reformation begins.
• The power of the Roman Catholic Church decreases.
• Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.

True or False: John Calvin and his followers believed in predestination (the idea that God has already decided who will be saved and who will not)

• True

• False