Lesson 2: The Crusades

Pope Urban II saw the Byzantine emperor's request for help fighting the Seljuk Turks as a chance to

• explore the lands to the east.

• free the Holy Lands from the control of infidels.

• establish himself as a great warrior.

• invade the Byzantine empire.

Most of the warriors who first joined the Crusades came from

• England.

• Germany.

• France.

• Italy.

By the end of the First Crusade, the Europeans had managed to

• convert the Muslims to Christianity.

• cause the Muslims to retreat to Egypt.

• assume control of the Holy Land.

• establish four Latin crusader states.

The knight who refused to be called king of Jerusalem, saying only God deserved the title, was named

• Bernard of Clairvaux

• Frederick Barbarossa

• Godfrey de Bouillon

• Saladin

The Second Crusade was launched in

• the 1140s.

• 1204.

• 1187.

• the 1190s.

The Third Crusade began in response to

• the urging of Pope Innocent III.

• the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa's desire to prove his bravery.

• the seizure of Jerusalem by Muslim forces led by Saladin.

• the invasion of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Turks.

During the Fourth Crusade, the armies got distracted from their spiritual goals and began

• a fight for control of the city of Venice.

• a fight for control of the Byzantine Empire.

• to push farther into Asia Minor.

• to sack the city of Antioch.

The last major Crusade ended when its leader, King Louis IX,

• returned home to France.

• was defeated by Sultan Baybars of Egypt.

• overcame the Muslims and seized Jerusalem.

• died of the plague.

The Crusades helped to pave the way for

• the development of true nation-states in Europe.

• the freeing of the Holy Lands from the infidels.

• the crusading knights' ascent to political power in their homelands.

• increased religious tolerance throughout Europe.

Some Christians thought the Crusades were a mistake because the knights ought to

• seize political control from the popes.

• make peace with the Muslims.

• be ready to defend their homelands from attacks.

• be fighting the Jews instead.