Biology Final

Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which structure would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand?

• Golgi bodies

• nuclei

• mitochondria

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Mature red blood cells in mammals contain the protein hemoglobin but do not contain a nucleus. The nucleus is lost as the red blood cell matures. Which of the following can be concluded about mammalian red blood cells based on this information?

• The cells store their DNA in ribosomes

• The cells have no functionality once the nucleus is lost

• The cells divide by meiosis to produce more red blood cells

• The cells perform transcription and translation before the nucleus is lost.

Which statement describes ALL prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm.

• Materials are stored in vacuoles.

• Chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis.

• Cell walls provide shape and support.

Which of the following statements identifies the cell below?

• This is a plant cell because it contains mitochondria.

• This is an animal cell because it contains mitochondria.

• This is a plant cell because it contains a cell wall.

• This is an animal cell because it contains a cell wall.

Which statement correctly describes cells produced through asexual reproduction?

• They are genetically identical to their parents.

• They do not grow and divide.

• They do not contain genetic material.

• They have a unique set of genetic instructions, unlike their parents.

Which process can be a source of genetic variation?

• copying of chromosomes

• binary fission

• mitosis

• crossing over

Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture below?

• metaphase

• telophase

• prophase

• anaphase

Which statement describes the products of meiosis I and meiosis II?

• Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.

• Meiosis I produces four diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.

• Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.

• Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces two haploid cells.

Which statement correctly compares the roles of different types of organic molecules in the body?

• Carbohydrates provide insulation for the body, while nucleic acids provide long-term energy storage.

• Nucleic acids provide support and structure for the body, while carbohydrates provide insulation.

• Lipids provide long-term energy storage for the body, while carbohydrates provide quickly available energy.

• Proteins provide cushioning for organs, while lipids carry the body's genetic information.

A runner needs a quick boost of energy while running a marathon. Which snack is the BEST option?

• A hard-boiled egg, because it is rich in amino acids.

• A hamburger, because fats store long-term energy.

• An apple, because it contains fructose, a monosaccharide.

• A piece of cheese, because proteins speed up chemical reactions.