Endocrine System Anatomy

What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?

• adrenal outer layer and adrenal inner layer

• adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

• adrenal exterior and adrenal interior

• adrenal core and adrenal mantle

Answer explanation

The two parts of the adrenal glands are the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.

What part of the brain is closely related to the endocrine system?

• Amygdala

• Hypothalamus

• Cerebellum

• Frontal lobe

Answer explanation

The correct answer is the Hypothalamus, as it is closely related to the endocrine system and plays a crucial role in regulating hormone production and release.

Where is the pituitary gland located?

• At the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus.

• In the ventricles.

• Anterior to the second and third tracheal rings.

• Superior to the thalamus.

Answer explanation

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus.

1. The hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland through which structure?

• Infundibulum

• Pineal stalk

• Thyroid isthmus

• Adrenal cortex

Answer explanation

The hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland through the Infundibulum, making it the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which statement is true about the Thyroid Ima Artery?

• It typically arises from the aortic arch.

• It is a common anatomical feature found in all individuals

• It supplies blood to the parathyroid gland exclusively.

• It is found in approximately 3-10% of the population.

Answer explanation

The Thyroid Ima Artery is found in approximately 3-10% of the population, making this statement true.

The uncinate process of the pancreas is a unique structure that extends from the lower part of the head and lies __________ to the superior mesenteric vessels.

The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and is directly __________ to the optic chiasm.

Which of the following is true about the posterior pituitary gland?

• • It produces and stores its own hormones.

• • It only stores hormones made in the hypothalamus.

• • It produces oxytocin and ADH.

• • It stores hormones made in the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer explanation

The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones (oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone/ADH) that are made in the hypothalamus (specifically in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei).

Which embryological structures are responsible for the origin of the parathyroid glands?

• • First and second pharyngeal arches

• • First and second pharyngeal pouches

• • Third and fourth pharyngeal arches

• • Third and fourth pharyngeal pouches

Which of the following statements is true about the drainage of the right suprarenal vein?

• • It drains directly into the left renal vein

• • It drains directly into the superior mesenteric vein

• • It drains directly into the portal vein

• It drains directly into the inferior vena cava