Cognition Review CLEP

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 

• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing.
• belief bias.
• representativeness heuristics.
• confirmation bias.

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 

• the representativeness heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.

Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?

• availability heuristic
• insight
• prototype confusion
• confirmation bias

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

• Recognition
• Recall
• Relearning
• Rehearsal
• Imagery

As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tyler was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tyler's current thoughts being processed?

• sensory memory
• the cerebellum
• working memory
• echoic memory
• long-term memory

Automatic processing occurs without

• iconic memory.
• semantic encoding.
• conscious awareness.
• long-term potentiation.
• sensory memory.

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.

• sensory
• short-term
• flashbulb
• implicit
• state-dependent