In the following code segment, assume that the variable n has been initialized with an integer value. Which of the following is NOT a possible value displayed by the program?

• artichoke

• broccoli

• carrot

• daikon

A scientist wants to investigate several problems. In which of the following situations is using a simulation LEAST suitable for solving a problem?

• When a scientific study requires performing a large number of trials that need to be conducted very quickly

• When it is considered acceptable to make simplifying assumptions when modeling a real-world object or phenomenon

• When performing an experiment that would be too costly or dangerous to conduct in the real world

• When the solution to the problem requires real-world data inputs that are continually measured at regular intervals

A store uses binary numbers to assign a unique binary sequence to each item in its inventory. What is the minimum number of bits required for each binary sequence if the store has between 75 and 100 items in its inventory?

• 5

• 6

• 7

• 8

A state government is attempting to reduce the digital divide. Which of the following activities has the greatest potential to contribute to the digital divide rather than reducing it?

• Providing programs that focus on technology literacy at local libraries

• Requiring applicants for government jobs to apply using an online platform

• Working with technology companies to offer computing devices at discounted prices to individuals with reduced incomes

• Working with telecommunications companies to build network infrastructure in remote areas

An online gaming company is introducing several new initiatives to encourage respectful communication between players of online games. Which of the following best describes a solution that uses crowdsourcing?

• The company allows individual players to endorse fellow players based on courteous interactions. Once a player receives enough endorsements, the player is given free rewards that can be used during gameplay.

• The company eliminates chat from gameplay and sets the default chat policy to off. Players must actively turn on chat to converse outside of gameplay.

• The company introduces software that monitors all chats. Inappropriate conversations are identified, and players involved in the conversations are banned from the game.

• The company updates the acceptable content guidelines to explicitly describe appropriate and inappropriate behavior. All players must electronically sign an agreement to adhere to the guidelines.

Consider the following code segment:

What value is displayed as a result of executing the code segment

• 3

• 4

• 9

• 12

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of keylogging to gain unauthorized access to a computer system?

• A user unintentionally installs a program on their computer that records all user input and forwards it to another computer. A few weeks later, someone else is able to access the user's computer using the recorded data.

• A user has a very common password for an online banking account. Someone else guesses the password after a few attempts and gains access to the user's account.

• A user logs into an unsecure Web site. Someone else is able to view unencrypted log-in information as it is transmitted over the Internet. The user has the same username and password for multiple accounts, so the user's log-in information for multiple systems may be compromised.

• A user receives an e-mail that claims to be from the user's bank. The e-mail instructs the user to click on a link to a Web site and enter a username and password to verify an account. Shortly after following the steps, the user discovers that the Web site is fraudulent and that the user's username and password were stolen.

A program developed for a Web store represents customer account balances using a format that approximates real numbers. While testing the program, a software developer discovers that some values appear to be mathematically imprecise. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the imprecision?

• The account balances are represented using a fixed number of bits, resulting in overflow errors.

• The account balances are represented using a fixed number of bits, resulting in round-off errors.

• The account balances are represented using an unlimited number of bits, resulting in overflow errors.

• The account balances are represented using an unlimited number of bits, resulting in round-off errors.

Which of the following best explains how symmetric encryption algorithms are typically used?

• Symmetric encryption uses a single key that should be kept secret. The same key is used for both encryption and decryption of data.

• Symmetric encryption uses a single key that should be made public. The same key is used for both encryption and decryption of data.

• Symmetric encryption uses two keys that should both be kept secret. One key is used for encryption, and the other is used for decryption.

• Symmetric encryption uses two keys. The key used for encryption should be made public, but the key used for decryption should be kept secret.

Which of the following research proposals is most likely to be successful as a citizen science project?

• Collecting pictures of birds from around the world that can then be analyzed to determine how location affects bird size

• Monitoring a group of cells in a laboratory to determine how growth rate is affected by exposure to varying temperatures

• Using a simulation to determine which one from a set of chemicals causes the most significant change to local animal and plant life

• Using specialized equipment to perform three-dimensional scans of complex proteins found in human cells