Semester 2 Study Guide (Pre-AP Physical Science)

What is the primary function of a machine in terms of work?

• To increase the amount of work done

• To decrease the amount of work done

• To change the direction of work

• To store energy

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Which type of energy is associated with objects in motion?

• Potential energy

• Chemical energy

• Kinetic energy

• Elastic potential energy

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What does the law of conservation of energy state?

• Energy can be created and destroyed

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

• Energy can be converted from one form to another without loss

• Energy is always lost when work is done

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What type of wave is created by the motion of a stadium-style wave?

• Wave

• Medium

• Mechanical wave

• Transverse wave

How does light behave when it travels from air to water?

• It speeds up

• It slows down

• It disappears

• It changes color

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What is the kinetic theory of matter?

• Theory that matter is made up of tiny particles in random motion

• Theory that matter changes states at the boiling point

• Theory that matter can only exist in solid, liquid, and gas states

• Theory that matter is composed of atoms that cannot be divided

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According to Archimedes' principle, what happens when a body is immersed in a fluid?

• The body absorbs some of the fluid

• The body displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight

• The body sinks regardless of its density

• The body expands slightly due to pressure

What principle states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished to every point of the fluid and to the walls of its container?

• Bernoulli's principle

• Charles' law

• Pascal's principle

• Boyle's law

Which principle explains why ships float and balloons rise in the air?

• Kinetic theory

• Charles' law

• Bernoulli's principle

• Archimedes' principle

How does a gas exert pressure on its container?

• By the motion and collisions of its particles

• By increasing its temperature only

• By decreasing its volume only

• By chemical reactions between gas particles