AFS 337

One of the following is not true about the development crisis in post-colonial Africa

• it is connected to the peripheral and disadvantageous incorporation of the continent
  into the global economy

• it is exacerbated by the dependence on the export of single commodities

• 
  it is only partly mitigated and, in most cases, complicated by the infusion of foreign
  aid

• it is solely rooted in the corrupt nature of the African state

One of the following is not an immediate consequence of the end of the Cold War
(and the rise of a ‘new world order’)

• the strategic downgrading of Africa, at least until the late 1990s

• 
  the return of conditionalities in foreign relations

• a significant decrease in US presence in Africa

• the intensification of proxy wars

Choose the correct statement about the crisis of the nation-state in post- colonial
Africa

• the cultural and ethnic diversity of African societies had very little impact on
  contemporary political life

• neo-patrimonialism was only peripheral to modern African politics

• the general condition of underdevelopment was partly responsible for the crisis

• despite their colonial (and largely artificial) origins, most post-colonial states in Africa
  proved more durable, more democratic, and less corrupt

Identify the wrong statement about ethnicity and ethnic politics in Africa

• the colonial period saw the invention of many ethnic groups in Africa

• national identities in Africa, unlike those based on ethnicity, were largely post-colonial
  formations.

• 
  post-colonial African states sought to delegitimize ethnic nationalism and ethnic
  politics

• multi-culturalism, which is a feature of much of Africa, can be seen as the anti-thesis
  to democracy and development

The effects of the Structural Adjustment Programs can be seen in terms of

• the recovery and prosperity of African economies

• wage freezes, massive layoffs, and widening social inequality

• an increase in public spending such as education and health

• growing subsidies to both the rural and urban sectors of the economy

The African state used strategies to survive when it was faced with the crisis of
legitimacy. One of the following is not one of them

• organizing insurgency movements

• holding multiparty elections

• state contraction

• engaging in parallel markets

Identify the correct statement

• the African state is generally seen as the only viable force for democratizing and
  developing Africa

• supra-state actors, such as the IMF, WB, and NGOs, are not involved in public policy
  making in Africa

• the rolling back of the state is often presented as a condition for aid and loans

• Structural Adjustment Programs lessened social and economic crisis over much of
  Africa in the 1980s and 1990s

One of the following is not true about NGOs and/or foreign aid to Africa

• they had little or no impact on Africa’s development or democratization

• they were invariably embraced by receiving countries

• they were never adequate or even relevant to Africa’s development

• they were often seen as or accused of promoting a neo-liberal agenda in Africa

The phenomenon of political and military conflict in Africa

• is entirely attributable to the destructive and violent legacy of colonialism

• is little more than a personalized struggle for political power

• is mainly an ideological struggle rather than a contest between groups and individuals
  over power and resources

• should be seen as a product of a convergence of economic, political, and cultural
  struggles

The mass killings in Rwanda and Congo (DRC) and the crisis in other parts of
Africa

• can partly be explained by the misguided policy of non-interference

• are intensified by the policies of post-colonial African governments, including the
  privileging of one group at the expense of the other

• are more cultural than socio-political and economic in their nature and origins

• have a lot to do with the neo-colonial ambitions of former colonial powers