Metals

The diagram shows a section of an overhead power cable.

Which statement explains why a particular substance is used?

• Aluminium has a low density and is a good conductor of electricity.

• Ceramic is a good conductor of electricity.

• Steel can rust in damp air.

• Steel is more dense than aluminium.

The metal beryllium does not react with cold water.

It reacts with hydrochloric acid but cannot be extracted from its ore by using carbon.

Where is beryllium placed in the reactivity series?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Covering iron with zinc prevents the iron from rusting even when the zinc is scratched.

Covering iron with tin prevents the iron from rusting, but when the tin is scratched the iron underneath starts to rust.

Which statement is correct?

• Both tin and zinc prevent iron from rusting by sacrificial protection.

• Both tin and zinc prevent iron from rusting by stopping water and carbon dioxide reaching the iron.

• Tin is more reactive than iron and prevents iron from rusting until it is scratched.

• Zinc loses electrons more easily than iron and prevents iron from rusting by corroding first.

Carbon dioxide is produced during the extraction of aluminium from bauxite.

Which statement describes how this carbon dioxide is made?

• Carbon monoxide reduces aluminium oxide forming carbon dioxide and aluminium.

• Carbon is burned in the blast furnace to release heat energy.

• Oxygen made in the process reacts with the carbon electrode.

• The ore of aluminium undergoes thermal decomposition.

A piece of aluminium is dropped into dilute hydrochloric acid. No immediate reaction is observed.

Which statement explains this observation?

• Aluminium does not neutralise acids.

• Aluminium is a non-metal so does not react with acids.

• Aluminium is below hydrogen in the reactivity series.

• Aluminium is covered in an unreactive oxide layer.

Different types of steel alloys are manufactured by changing the percentage of carbon in the alloy.

The properties of four steel alloys are shown.

What are the properties of the steel alloy containing 0.23% of carbon?

• high strength and low hardness

• low strength and high hardness

• high strength and medium hardness

• medium strength and high hardness

Which word equation represents a reaction that occurs?

• sodium oxide + carbon

  -> sodium + carbon dioxide

• sodium oxide + iron

  -> sodium + iron(II) oxide

• iron(II) oxide + copper

  -> iron + copper(II) oxide

• iron(III) oxide + carbon

  -> iron + carbon dioxide

Mild steel is galvanised to prevent corrosion of the iron.

Which statements about galvanising are correct?

1 Galvanising prevents corrosion because the zinc forms an alloy.

2 If the coating is damaged, water and oxygen do not corrode the iron.

3 Zinc is a sacrificial metal and corrodes in preference to iron.

• 1 and 2

• 1 and 3

• 2 only

• 2 and 3

In the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, cryolite is added to the bauxite ore.

Which row describes the role of cryolite and gives the ionic half-equation at the cathode?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Which statements about the general properties of metals are correct?

1 They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

2 They have low melting points.

3 They react with dilute acids to form a salt and water.

4 They react with oxygen to form basic oxides.

• 1 and 2

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 3

• 3 and 4