A school is creating class schedules for its students. The students submit their requested courses and then a program will be designed to find the optimal schedule for all students. The school has determined that finding the absolute best schedule cannot be solved in a reasonable time. Instead they have decided to use a simpler algorithm that produces a good but non-optimal schedule in a more reasonable amount of time. Which principle does this decision best demonstrate?

B. Heuristics can be used to solve some problems for which no reasonable algorithm exists

A. Unreasonable algorithms may sometimes also be undecidable

C. Two algorithms that solve the same problem must also have the same efficiency

D. Approximate solutions are often identical to optimal solutions

Which of the following best describes the existence of undecidable problems?

D. An undecidable problem is a problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that always produces a correct output

A. Undecidable problems are problems for which more than one algorithm solves the problem and computer scientists have not yet chosen the algorithm they believe is best

B. Undecidable problems are problems for which an algorithm can be written that will produce the same output for at least two possible inputs

C. Undecidable problems are problems for which an algorithm can be written that produces a correct output for all inputs but in an unreasonable time

A group of students writes their names and unique student ID numbers on sheets of paper. The sheets are then randomly placed in a stack. Their teacher is looking to see if a specific ID number is included in the stack. Which of the following best describes whether their teacher should use a linear or a binary search?

D. Only the linear search will work since the data has not been sorted

A. The teacher could use either type of search though the linear search is likely to be faster

B. The teacher could use either type of search though the binary search is likely to be faster

C. Neither type of search will work since the data is numeric

A software company used to run an algorithm sequentially on one server. As more users start using their app, the company decided to rewrite the program to be parallel. It is now run on four separate servers instead of one Thanks to the use of a parallel algorithm, the same process that used to take 40 minutes to run now only requires 20 minutes. The company is considering purchasing additional computers to decrease the time the program runs even further. Which of the following best describes the impacts of running the parallel algorithm on an even larger number of computers

C. The algorithm will likely require less time to run though the improvements in efficiency will not be as significant as before.

A. The algorithm will likely require more time since it is now being run sequentially on more computers.

B. The algorithm will likely require the same amount of time to run because it is processing the same amount of data

D. The algorithm is unlikely to still run since parallel algorithms are not designed to scale to additional computers

Which of the following best describes the protocols used on the Internet?

The protocols of the Internet are open and used by all devices connected to the network

The protocols of the Internet are designed by government agencies to ensure they remain free to use

The protocols of the Internet are secret to maintain the privacy and security of people using them

Each device connected to the Internet will use a protocol designed by the company that manufactured it

Jesse purchases a new smartphone and is immediately able to use it to send a photo over the Internet to a friend who lives in a different country. Which of the following is NOT necessary to make this possible?

A single direct connection is established between any two devices connected to the Internet

Both devices are using the same shared and open protocols

The data of the image is routed through a sequence of directly connected devices before arriving at its destination.

Both devices are directly connected to at least one part of the Internet

This diagram shows a number of computing devices connected to the Internet with each line representing a direct connection. Device A is attempting to send data over the Internet to Device E. Which of the following is true of how the data will travel through the network?

It is possible that the data travels through any of the devices in the network before arriving at device E

The data will always travel through Device B as it is the shortest path

The data will never be sent to Device G since there are other shorter paths available

If the data travels through Device D then it will not travel through Device B

Which of the following is true of how the Internet has responded to the increasing number of devices now using the network?

The protocols of the Internet were designed to scale as new devices are added

The Internet protocols are changed every year to adapt to the new devices that have been connected to the network

While the number of devices connected to the Internet has grown, the network itself has not grown

The protocols of the Internet are no longer necessary thanks to the large number of devices now connected to the network

Which of the following is true of how packets are sent through the Internet?

Packet metadata is used to route and reassemble information travelling through the Internet

Packet metadata is only included on important packets to indicate they should get access to faster paths through the network

Information sent through the internet is only encapsulated in packets if the message is too large to be sent as a datastream

Information sent through the internet is split into two packets, one which contains the message and another which contains the metadata

Emilee is watching an online video. The video is being sent to her laptop by a server over the Internet which splits the video into packets and sends them in the order they appear in the video. Which of the following is true about how the packets will arrive at her computer?

The packets may arrive out of order

The packets will always be received in the order that they were sent

Either every packet will reach her computer or none of them will.

Packets that arrive out of order will be sent back to the server.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of an IP address?

IP addresses provide a unique number for identifying devices that send and receive information on the Internet

IP addresses assist in the reconstruction of a message that has been divided into many packets

IP addresses indicate the location where an internet-connected computing device was manufactured

IP addresses indicate how many times an individual packet has been requested by a router

Which of the following Internet protocols is MOST important in reassembling packets and requesting missing packets to form complete messages?

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Which of the following Internet protocols is used to request and send pages and files on the World Wide Web?

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that builds the routers and wired connections that allow individuals to access the Internet. An ISP is considering adding additional redundant connections to its network. Which of the following best describes why the company would choose to do so?

Redundant networks are more reliable

It costs less to design a network that is redundant

The protocols of the Internet only work on networks that are redundant

Adding additional connections reduces the fault-tolerance of the network

Which best describes the metadata found in a packet?

It provides routing information, like the address on a letter

It provides encryption to the packet so no one can decode the information

It allows packets to be joined together to make a "mega packet"

It tells the packet which routers to avoid

Which of the following situations is most likely to cause issues arising from the digital divide?

A state makes voter registration forms available only by visiting a government website

Two internet-connected devices located in different countries and thousands of miles apart attempt to communicate with one another

Packets sent from one router to another begin arriving in a different order than they were sent

A smartphone attempts to communicate over the Internet with another type of device, like a tablet or laptop

Which of the following situations is most likely to cause issues arising from the digital divide?

A state makes voter registration forms available only by visiting a government website

Two internet-connected devices located in different countries and thousands of miles apart attempt to communicate with one another

Packets sent from one router to another begin arriving in a different order than they were sent

A smartphone attempts to communicate over the Internet with another type of device, like a tablet or laptop

Which is LEAST likely to reduce the digital dividec?

Requiring everyone to pay a fee to use a necessary website

Adding multiple satellites and servers to allow data to reach even remote areas, like wilderness areas

Providing funds for schools to upgrade computer systems

Offering free training for families during back to school nights or at community centers

Which of the following is MOST likely to be an outcome of the digital divide?

People from some racial or ethnic groups have unequal access to computing technology.

Certain companies will be unable to certify their technology as digitally secure.

People will have equal access and influence both globally and locally.

Political groups in some countries are unable to agree on regulations of digital technology.

Which of the following best describes how computing devices represent information?

C. A computer represents data as bits which is either a 0 or a 1

A. A computer will either represent information as bits or bytes but not both

B. A computer represents data as a byte which is either a 0 or a 1

D. A computer represents information as bits which contain 8 bytes.

2. Which of the following is NOT true of how computers represent complex information?

B. Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden

A. Computing devices use patterns of bits to represent complex information

C. Depending on context the same sequence of bits may represent different types of information

D. Common abstractions that are represented by computing devices include numbers, characters, and color.

3. When visiting a museum Lian takes a photo of a painting with a smartphone which stores the photo as an image file. Which of the following best describes the differences between the painting itself and the photo of the painting stored on the smartphone?

B. The photo is a digital representation of the analog painting

A. Both the painting and the photo are analog

C. Sampling can be used to determine whether the analog image is an accurate representation of the painting

D. The phone can represent the photo in either digital or analog formats depending on the sampling technique that is used

5. Which of the following is true of how computers represent numbers?

B. With a fixed number of bits some numbers are too large to represent in a computer which will lead to overflow errors.

A. Using a fixed but large number of bits can eliminate the possibility of round off error when representing numbers in binary

C. Using a fixed but large number of bits, for example 128, eliminates the possibility of overflow errors.

D. With a large but fixed number of bits it is possible to eliminate either round-off errors or overflow errors, but not both.

10. Which of the following is true of lossy and lossless compression algorithms?

B. Lossy compression algorithms are typically better than lossless compression algorithms at reducing the number of bits needed to represent a piece of data.

A. Lossy compression algorithms are used when perfect reconstruction of the original data is important.

C. Lossless compression algorithms are only used to compress text data.

D. Lossless compression algorithms only allow for an approximate reconstruction of the original data.

12. Which of the following is true of intellectual property?

C. Creative Commons enables content creators to freely distribute their otherwise copyrighted work.

A. Information created on a computer is not owned by anyone since only analog information is protected under copyright law.

B. You do not need to cite work created by someone else if both the original work and your use of it are in digital form.

D. Creative Commons has severely hindered broad and open access to digital information

Lucy is completing a project as part of a science class using materials she found online. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to lead to legal consequences?

D. Using images posted online by another student without permission or citation.

A. Modifying a piece of open source software.

B. Using open access research for which she does not acquire a license.

C. Failing to publish her work under a Creative Commons license.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is true of algorithms?

A. Algorithms may have an infinite set of instructions

B. Algorithms must be expressed using a programming language

C. Every algorithm can be constructed using combinations of sequencing, selection, and iteration

D. Every problem can be solved with an algorithm

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The following algorithm is followed by a person every morning when they get up from bed to go to school Wake up Brush teeth Put on shirt Put on pants Put on socks Put on shoes Tie shoes Which concept does this algorithm BEST demonstrate?

A. Sequencing

B. Selection

C. Iteration

D. Execution

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which or these code snippets will move the robot along the same path as the code shown below?

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A town government is designing a new bus system and are deciding where to put the different bus stops. They want to pick the collection of locations that minimizes the distance anyone needs to walk in order to get to at least one bus stop. What term best defines the kind of problem?

A. A decision problem

B. An optimization problem

C. An undecidable problem

D. An efficiency problem

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The algorithm below is used to find the largest element in a list of numbers. By modifying one of the lines in the program it is possible to make the algorithm find the SMALLEST element. Which line would need to be modified and how?

A. Line 01 becomes target <- list[2]

B. Line 04 becomes IF (num < target)

C. Line 04 becomes IF (num = target)

D. Line 01 becomes list[0] <- target

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following algorithms is the same as the flowchart shown below?

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

This graph shows the efficiencies of two different algorithms that solve the same problem. Which of the following is most efficient?

A. These algorithms are equally efficient

B. Algorithm A is more efficient than algorithm B

C. Algorithm B is more efficient than algorithm A

D. The algorithms have different efficiencies depending on the input size

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All the things from code.org

Which of the following is true of algorithms?

The following algorithm is followed by a person every morning when they get up from bed to go to school Wake up Brush teeth Put on shirt Put on pants Put on socks Put on shoes Tie shoes Which concept does this algorithm BEST demonstrate?

Which or these code snippets will move the robot along the same path as the code shown below?

A town government is designing a new bus system and are deciding where to put the different bus stops. They want to pick the collection of locations that minimizes the distance anyone needs to walk in order to get to at least one bus stop. What term best defines the kind of problem?

The algorithm below is used to find the largest element in a list of numbers. By modifying one of the lines in the program it is possible to make the algorithm find the SMALLEST element. Which line would need to be modified and how?

Which of the following algorithms is the same as the flowchart shown below?

This graph shows the efficiencies of two different algorithms that solve the same problem. Which of the following is most efficient?

Which of the following algorithmic efficiencies would be considered LEAST efficient?

Which of the following best describes the existence of undecidable problems?

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