During what century did the term "socialism" first begin to be applied?

• 17th century

• 18th century

• 19th century

• 20th century

What major change in the mid-nineteenth century influenced the development of socialist ideas?

• Decline of monarchies

• Industrialisation

• Agricultural advancements

• Global exploration

What did early socialists find inadequate in response to the changes brought by industrialisation?

• Monarchist principles

• Liberalism

• Feudalism

• Capitalism

What does the term "fraternity" denote in the context of socialism?

• Competition and supremacy

• Generosity and warmth in relationships between humans

• Individualism and self-sufficiency

• Economic equality and wealth distribution

How do socialists view human nature compared to liberals?

• Socialists believe human nature is fixed and unchangeable, while liberals view it as malleable.

• Both socialists and liberals believe human nature is naturally self-reliant and self-sufficient.

• Socialists see human nature as optimistic and progressive, whereas liberals view it as static and unchangeable.

• Socialists view human nature as malleable and capable of improvement, unlike liberals who see it as static.

What is a core belief of socialism regarding society compared to liberalism?

• Socialism focuses on the individual's role within society, while liberalism emphasizes society's influence on the individual.

• Socialism and liberalism both prioritize the autonomy of the individual over societal influences.

• Socialism sees individuals as products of their social environment, contrary to liberalism which views individuals as autonomous.

• Both ideologies view society as a collection of autonomous individuals without much influence from social environments.

Who are considered key thinkers in the development of the concept that society is shaped by impersonal forces, primarily economic?

• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• Anthony Crosland and Karl Marx

• Friedrich Engels and Anthony Crosland

• None of the above

According to the text, what is the major consequence of the industrial revolution as viewed by socialists?

• The emergence of distinct social groups

• The decline of economic systems

• The improvement of individual autonomy

• The reduction of employment opportunities

What does the term 'social class' signify in a socialist context?

• It defines an individual's wealth and status

• It defines an individual's circumstances, prospects, and attitudes

• It defines an individual's political power

• It defines an individual's religious beliefs

How do socialists believe society can be improved?

• By increasing individual despair

• By reducing the faith in human potential

• By improving the prospects of its individuals

• By limiting economic production