Earth Science Mock Exam 2024

The graph shows the change in suspended sediment load in the Chesapeake Bay between 1990 and 2018. Which of these activities is most likely to increase the amount of suspended sediment in the bay?

• restoration of shoreline wetlands throughout the bay

• reduction of fertilizer use in areas surrounding the bay

• planting of trees and shrubs near streams entering the bay

• new building construction next to waterways entering the bay

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The ozone layer is a region in the stratosphere that generally contains between 2 and 8 parts per million of ozone. Even though its concentration is very low compared to nitrogen and oxygen, the ozone in the stratosphere is very important to life on Earth. Why is stratospheric ozone important?

• It acts as a blanket to hold heat energy in Earth’s atmosphere.

• It reduces the concentration of greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere.

• It absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation as it reacts chemically in the atmosphere.

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Coal is solid rock that began as organic material that was deposited in a swamp. The formation of coal suggests that

• coal is made mostly of skeletal remains of animals.

• coal is formed from magma that has solidified over time.

• it quickly becomes petrified when water is removed.

• geologic processes continue over millions of years.

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What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?

• convection currents in the mantle

• volcanic and seismic activity in the crust

• strong winds and storms

• rotation of the solid core

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The theory of plate tectonics provides the current explanation for the way in which

• stars change

• continents move

• rocks are formed

• tides are produced

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How does acid rain most likely affect forests?

• Top soil loses all of its nutrients.

• Plants begin to grow deeper roots.

• Animals have more food sources.

• Trees become less healthy over time.

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The illustration shows a current of magma in the mantle of Earth. The flow of magma directly applies force to which of these crustal features?

• mountain ranges

• tectonic plates

• oceans

• glaciers

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Constructive forces build a new mountain range. How will weathering and erosion change the features of the mountain range over time?

• layering the rocks

• crystallizing the rocks

• folding the layers of the rocks

• rounding the shapes of the rocks

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Which of these technologies helps a power company use renewable energy for the production of electricity?

• hydroelectric power

• nuclear power plants

• natural gas generators

• coal-fired power plants

A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?

• Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.

• Beaches would form from different materials.

• Sand dunes would become smaller.

• Deltas would become larger.

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