MA0119 Bunkering Practices_3

Sometimes to obtain suitable bunkers, vessels have to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from her route or voyage.

(a)  

What percentage of operating costs can marine bunkers contribute to for ships?

• A) Up to 20%

• B) Up to 40%

• C) Up to 60%

• D) Up to 80%

Name 1 factor a buyer must consider when deviating for marine bunkers

Answer explanation

The buyer must compare the costs of intended alternative bunkering apart from the fuel price difference, port costs, additional fuel consumed, and the cost of time of the vessel.

Match the following actions taken by the respective personnel in a shipping company:

• Bunker department

• Decides to bunker only in ports where quality fuels are available from reputable suppliers meeting requirements and on long-term agreement

• Ship owner

• Will not divert ship for cheaper fuels unless price difference is significant

• Ship operators

• Obtain as much information concerning the actual quality and price of bunkers being offered at specific ports

Identify 5 factors (in alphabetical order) within the internal environment of a shipping company that are essential considerations when formulating a bunkering strategy.​ (a)   ​ (b)   ​ ​ ​ ​ (c)   ​ (d)   ​ (e)  

• Cash flow
• Cargo data
• Human resources available
• Technological advancements
• Customer preferences
• Competitor analysis
• Regulatory compliance
• Supply chain disruptions
• Optimum economic speed
• Uncertainties of next employment

What does the economic speed of a vessel refer to?

• a) The maximum speed the vessel can achieve

• b) The speed at which the vessel consumes the least fuel per unit distance

• c) The speed at which the vessel consumes the most fuel per unit distance

• d) The speed at which the vessel consumes an average amount of fuel per unit distance

In marine bunkering practices, vessels often operate at their maximum speed to minimise fuel consumption.

• True

• False

How are efficiency, speed characteristics, fuel consumption, and power requirements used in analysing a ship's performance?

• a) To calculate crew wages

• b) To estimate maintenance costs

• c) To optimise fuel usage

• d) None of the above

What are the primary constraints faced by small shipping companies and operators when planning to bunker their vessels?

• a) Limited availability of bunkering ports

• b) Financial constraints

• c) Regulatory restrictions

• d) All of the above

What does the trade-off analysis of freight maximising and saving off bunkers in a port involve?

• a) Maximising cargo capacity while minimizing fuel costs

• b) Prioritising speed over fuel efficiency

• c) Ignoring safety regulations for financial gain

• d) None of the above