Biology Final Assessment Quiz

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

• To control what enters and leaves the cell

• To provide structural support to the cell

• To store genetic information

• To produce energy for the cell

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

• Mitochondrion

• Ribosome

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

In genetics, what does the term "homozygous" refer to?

• Having two different alleles for a trait

• Having two identical alleles for a trait

• A type of genetic mutation

• A form of genetic recombination

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

• Organisms develop traits during their lifetime and pass these on to their offspring

• Traits that improve survival and reproduction become more common in a population over time

• All members of a species evolve together at the same rate

• Evolution occurs purely by chance

What is the primary role of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

• To produce glucose

• To convert ADP to ATP

• To absorb sunlight and generate high-energy electrons

• To release oxygen as a byproduct

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in DNA?

• Phosphate group

• Ribose sugar

• Nitrogenous base

• Amino acid

What is an ecosystem?

• A collection of all the non-living things in an area

• A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together

• A group of similar species that can breed and produce fertile offspring

• A single species and its non-living environment

Which process describes the flow of genetic information in a cell from DNA to protein?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Transcription and translation

• Mitosis

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

• To produce oxygen

• To break down glucose and generate ATP

• To synthesize glucose

• To capture sunlight energy

Which of the following is a principle of the theory of evolution by natural selection?

• Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritable

• All variations are beneficial

• Individuals adapt to their environment during their lifetime and pass these adaptations to their offspring

• Evolution happens in large, noticeable steps