AP Psychology Final Review

During a game of hide and seek, a young child hides behind a thin curtain, believing that others cannot see him because he cannot see them. Which psychological concept does this behavior best illustrate?

• Animism

• Assimilation

• Conservation

• Egocentrism

• Object permanence

During a trivia night at school, Aiden, Anika, and Noah are competing. Which type of intelligence is most clearly demonstrated by Noah's ability to recall historical dates and facts?

• Fluid

• Practical

• Analytical

• Kinesthetic

• Crystallized

Samantha believes that if she doesn't perform well in her next math test, her parents will think she is not trying hard enough. Consequently, she starts skipping her math classes and avoids discussing her homework. Samantha's actions best illustrate which of the following concepts?

• group polarization

• the halo effect

• a self-fulfilling prophecy

• the bystander effect

• confirmation bias

Which reinforcement schedule provides rewards after an unpredictable number of responses, making it highly effective in gambling scenarios?

• Fixed-interval

• Variable-interval

• Fixed-ratio

• Variable-ratio

What psychological concept could explain why Sam yelled at his friend after losing a game?

• The frustration-aggression hypothesis

• Cognitive dissonance

• Reciprocal determinism

• Operant conditioning

Following a severe head injury, a person exhibits irresponsible behavior and difficulty in planning. Which part of the brain is most likely affected?

• Cerebellum

• Hypothalamus

• Frontal lobe

• Corpus callosum

Which cognitive shortcut is used to estimate the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?

• The representativeness heuristic

• The availability heuristic

• The anchoring heuristic

• The adjustment heuristic

What is the most likely effect of tiny crystals affecting the hair cells in the semicircular canals?

• Loss of feeling in limbs

• Confusion about right and left directions

• Dizziness and loss of balance

• Inability to recognize body parts

Which treatment approach emphasizes the role of brain chemistry and often involves medication to manage symptoms of psychological disorders?

• Humanistic

• Biomedical

• Psychodynamic

• Behavioral

• Cognitive

Lisa is a member of a competitive sales team. Whenever her team exceeds their targets, Lisa is quick to highlight her contributions to the team's success. Conversely, when the team fails to meet their goals, she distances herself from the failure. What psychological behavior is Lisa most likely exhibiting?

• external attribution

• self-serving bias

• fundamental attribution error

• confirmation bias

• denial