Respiration Physiology

Explain the process of inspiration and expiration in the mechanism of breathing.

• The ribs expand during inspiration and contract during expiration.

• The diaphragm contracts during inspiration and relaxes during expiration.

• The trachea contracts during inspiration and expands during expiration.

• The lungs contract during inspiration and expand during expiration.

Describe the role of surfactant in gas exchange in alveoli.

• Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse and aiding in gas exchange.

• Surfactant increases surface tension in the alveoli, hindering gas exchange.

• Surfactant causes alveoli collapse, impeding gas exchange.

• Surfactant has no impact on surface tension in the alveoli during gas exchange.

What are the primary respiratory control centers in the brain and their functions?

• Medulla oblongata and pons

• Hippocampus and amygdala

• Cerebellum and thalamus

• Frontal lobe and occipital lobe

How is oxygen transported in the blood, and what is the role of hemoglobin?

• Hemoglobin is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the blood.

• Oxygen is transported by binding to red blood cells, which carry it to tissues and organs.

• Oxygen is transported by binding to hemoglobin, which carries it to tissues and organs.

• Oxygen is transported by dissolving in plasma, which carries it to tissues and organs.

What is the Bohr effect and how does it affect the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?

• The Bohr effect only affects the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin, not oxygen.

• The Bohr effect decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, allowing it to release more oxygen to tissues.

• The Bohr effect has no impact on the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.

• The Bohr effect increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, preventing its release to tissues.

Explain the difference between hypoxia and hypercapnia.

• Hypoxia is low oxygen levels, while hypercapnia is high carbon dioxide levels.

• Hypoxia is caused by excessive carbon dioxide, while hypercapnia is caused by low oxygen levels.

• Hypoxia is high oxygen levels, while hypercapnia is low carbon dioxide levels.

• Hypoxia is a respiratory condition, while hypercapnia is a cardiac condition.

What is the function of the diaphragm in the process of breathing?

• To regulate body temperature

• To produce hormones

• To aid in digestion

• To contract and relax to facilitate inhalation and exhalation.

Discuss the process of diffusion of gases in the alveoli.

• Carbon dioxide moves from alveoli to bloodstream, oxygen moves from bloodstream to alveoli.

• Gases move through the alveoli via active transport.

• Diffusion of gases in the alveoli is a result of osmosis.

• Oxygen moves from alveoli to bloodstream, carbon dioxide moves from bloodstream to alveoli.

What are the common respiratory disorders and their symptoms?

• Allergic rhinitis, sleep apnea, tonsillitis, laryngitis

• Asthma, COPD, pneumonia, bronchitis, lung cancer

• Tuberculosis, pleurisy, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary embolism

• Influenza, emphysema, sinusitis, lung nodules

How does the respiratory system maintain acid-base balance in the body?

• By controlling the levels of oxygen (O2) in the blood

• By increasing the levels of nitrogen in the body

• By adjusting the heart rate to regulate pH

• By regulating the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood through adjusting breathing rate and depth.