2024 Semester 2 Final Exam Review Honors Biology II

What is the purpose of crossing over and genetic recombination during meiosis?

• To increase genetic diversity

• To produce identical offspring

• To repair damaged DNA

• To ensure the same genetic material is passed to each daughter cell

The primary goal of meiosis is to:

• Produce genetically identical cells

• Reduce the chromosome number by half

• Increase the number of somatic cells

• Enable growth and tissue repair

In incomplete dominance, a cross between two heterozygous individuals would result in which phenotypic ratio?

Alternative splicing of mRNA allows for:

• Removal of exons

• Removal of introns

• A single gene to code for multiple proteins

• DNA replication

During DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized:

• Continuously

• Discontinuously

• In short fragments

• In the 3' to 5' direction

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

• Primase

What is an oncogene?

• A gene that suppresses tumor formation

• A gene that causes cancer when mutated or expressed at high levels

• A gene involved in cell cycle regulation

• A gene responsible for apoptosis

Haploid cells contain:

• Homologous chromosomes

• Two complete sets of chromosomes

• Three sets of chromosomes

• Half a set of chromosomes

What type of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

• Haploid cells

• Diploid cells

• Polyploid cells

• Aneuploid cells

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range?

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Disruptive selection

• Balancing selection