explanation text enrichment

Can lightning strike the same place twice? Let's figure out what makes it happen in the first place.

Lighting is electricity, and electricity involves tiny particles. Some particles have a positive charge and some have a negative charge. The two opposite charges pull towards each other like the north and south ends of magnets.

Usually electric charges are fairly balanced but the turbulent winds of a storm caused electric charges to separates within the cloud.

Most lightning occurs within the cloud itself, but we're concerned about the lightning between clouds and the ground.

Lightning starts with negative charges moving from the clouds towards the ground. Scientists call it a stepped leader. Meanwhile an upward leader forms as positive charges move up from the ground usually from tall objects when a stepped leader and an upward leader meet, it makes a path for a much larger and brighter electric current to shoot up into the cloud. This is what we see in the sky as lightning. It happened so quickly that lightning seems to travel from the cloud to the ground.

When in fact the opposite is true. So, can lightning strike the same place twice? Absolutely.

For example Toronto CN Tower is struck by lightning around seventy five times each year. In fact in August 2011 the tower was shocked a record-breaking 52 times in 84 minutes. But don't worry the tower was built to withstand it. So it's a safe place to be if lightning strikes once twice or even 52 times.

source: TorontoSymphonyOrchestrahttps://youtu.be/Cz_uYBx1G5s

1.   What does the text above explain you about?

• The frequency of lightning strikes

• How does lightning work?

• How the electricity was formed?

• How the lightning strikes the ground

• The steps on how to make an imitating light

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

The text above explains about ........

• snowfall

• how snowfall happens

• snowfall and ice crystal

• snowfall and snowflakes

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

Water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water when ......

• the temperature is not cold

• the temperature is normal

• the temperature is very cold

• the temperature is not very cold

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

What are the snowflakes made up of?

• ice

• crystals

• crystals of ice

• cold water

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake is different and might contain up to 200 crystals.

What phenomenon is explained in the text?

• natural phenomenon

• cultural phenomenon

• social phenomenon

• artificial phenomenon

Digestive System

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moistens the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food on wards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

What is the text about?

• how to digest food

• how to swallow food

• how to process food

• how digestive system occurs

Digestive System

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moistens the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food on wards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

Where does the first digestive process happen?

• in the mouth

• in the esophagus

• in the stomach

• in the intestine

Digestive System

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moistens the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food on wards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

What is the function of Saliva?

• to break up the food

• to moisten the food

• to swallow the food

• to digest the food

Digestive SystemThe first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moistens the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food on wards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The following is the order of the place of the digestive system.

• mouth-stomach-esophagus-small intestine

• mouth-small intestine-stomach-esophagus

• mouth-esophagus-small intestine-stomach

• mouth-esophagus-stomach-small intestine

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with oftendisastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

Tsunami happened because of.....

• The displaced rock pushes water above it

• A major fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly

• The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source

• The waves moves across the ocean until they reach the beach

• A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean