Understanding Conditioned Reflexes

What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

• A stimulus that naturally causes a reflexive response

• A stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus

• A response that occurs naturally without learning

• A learned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned response (CR)?

• Salivating when food is placed in the mouth

• Jumping at a loud noise

• Salivating when hearing a bell after conditioning

• Feeling pain from a burn

If a person develops a fear of dogs after being bitten by one, which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

• The sight of the dog

• The fear experienced when seeing a dog

• The bite from the dog

• The fear experienced after the bite

How can conditioned reflexes be beneficial in everyday life?

• They help individuals avoid dangerous situations by creating learned responses to specific stimuli.

• They always create negative associations that should be unlearned.

• They have no practical application in real life.

• They only occur in laboratory settings with animals.

What process describes the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus?

• Extinction

• Generalization

• Acquisition

• Discrimination

Which of the following best describes an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

• A stimulus that triggers a learned response

• A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response

• A neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned

• A response that is learned through conditioning

In Pavlov’s experiments, what was the unconditioned response (UR)?

• The sound of the bell

• The food presented to the dogs

• The salivation in response to the food

• The salivation in response to the bell

Which of the following best illustrates stimulus generalization?

• A dog salivates only to the sound of a specific bell

• A dog stops salivating when the bell is no longer paired with food

• A person who fears bees also begins to fear all flying insects

• A person learns to distinguish between the sound of a bell and a buzzer

In the context of conditioned reflexes, what does extinction refer to?

• The initial learning of the conditioned response

• The diminishing of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

• The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus

• The process of differentiating between similar stimuli