A group of atoms bonded together

How does a scientist form a hypothesis?

By making an educated guess based on observations

By drawing conclusions from data

Explain the difference between an element and a compound.

An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, whereas a compound is a substance made of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.

An element consists of two or more different types of atoms bonded together, whereas a compound consists of only one type of atom.

An element can be broken down into simpler substances, whereas a compound cannot.

An element is always liquid at room temperature, whereas a compound is not.

What is the correct description of the difference between an element and a compound?

An element can be separated into simpler substances, whereas a compound cannot.

An element is a mixture of substances, whereas a compound is a pure substance.

An element can be converted into a compound through chemical reactions.

A compound can be found naturally, but elements are man-made.

Which statement best describes the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

Physical change alters the substance without changing its chemical composition, whereas chemical change results in a new substance.

Physical change involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, while chemical change only affects its physical appearance.

Physical change is reversible, while chemical change is not reversible.

Physical change involves the release of energy, while chemical change involves the absorption of energy.

Describe John Dalton's atomic theory.

Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Atoms of different elements can combine to form compounds.

Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties.

Define the term 'atomic number' in relation to the periodic table.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

The number of electrons in an atom.

The number of isotopes of an element.

List two ways in which you can tell a chemical change has occurred.

Change in temperature and production of gas bubbles

Change in color and change in state

Change in shape and change in volume

Change in texture and change in size

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Atoms of different elements with the same atomic mass

Atoms of different elements with the same atomic number

Atoms of the same element with the same number of neutrons

Why is it important to balance chemical equations?

To conserve mass in chemical reactions

To increase the yield of products

To decrease the number of reactants

Why is Mendeleev credited with the development of the periodic table?

He predicted the existence of undiscovered elements based on gaps in his table.

He discovered the structure of the atom.

He arranged elements based on increasing atomic number.

He conducted experiments on chemical reactions.

How do elements in the same group of the periodic table behave similarly?

They have similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

They have the same atomic number.

They have the same mass number.

They belong to the same period.

What are the subatomic particles that make up an atom, and what are their charges?

Protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative)

Protons (negative), neutrons (positive), electrons (neutral)

Protons (positive), neutrons (negative), electrons (neutral)

Neutrons (positive), electrons (positive), protons (neutral)

What are valence electrons, and why are they important in chemistry?

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, involved in chemical reactions.

Electrons located in the nucleus of an atom, responsible for chemical bonding.

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Responsible for changing the state of matter in chemical reactions.

Describe one experiment that led to the discovery of the structure of the atom.

Rutherford's gold foil experiment

Mendeleev's periodic table arrangement

Dalton's law of multiple proportions

Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment

How do chemical equations represent chemical reactions?

They describe the reactants and products of a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and formulas.

They show the changes in physical state of substances.

They demonstrate the conservation of mass and energy.

They represent the different phases of matter involved in a chemical reaction.

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Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

The correct sequence in the scientific method is Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion.

What is the purpose of forming a hypothesis in the scientific method?

The purpose of forming a hypothesis in the scientific method is to make an educated guess based on observations and prior knowledge, guiding the direction of the experiment.

What information does each square on the periodic table provide?

All of the above options on the periodic table provide information such as atomic number, atomic mass, and chemical symbol for each element.

Elements in the same group of the periodic table share which of the following properties?

Elements in the same group of the periodic table share similar chemical properties, making this the correct choice.

Who proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?

J.J. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom.

Which scientist's experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus of the atom?

Ernest Rutherford's experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus of the atom.

Which of the following is a compound?

Water (H2O) is a compound because it is composed of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen, chemically bonded together.

What is a molecule?

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, not a single atom, element, or proton.

Which of the following is a chemical change?

Burning wood is a chemical change because it involves a chemical reaction that changes the composition of the wood, unlike melting ice, boiling water, or dissolving sugar in water.

What happens during a physical change?

During a physical change, the state of matter changes, such as from solid to liquid, without the formation of a new substance or chemical reactions.

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