ULTIMATE HISTORY REGENTS PREP

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the heliocentric theory became the centerpiece for debate between

• capitalism and communism
• science and religion
• colonialism and nationalism
• isolationism and globalism

Galileo Galileo and Sir Issac Newton are most closely associated with

• initiating religious reforms
• leading political revolutions
• conducting investigative experiments
• engaging in foreign conquests

Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate?

• The existence of natural laws was rejected
• Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe
• New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy
• The bible was used to justify new scientific findings

Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government?

• A government’s power comes from the consent of the people.
•  Predestination will determine who will go to heaven.
• Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth.
• The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves.

The idea that all people are born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property is most directly associated with the writings of

• Baron de Montesquieu
• Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both

• led to increased power for royal families in Europe
• sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science
• questioned traditional values and past practices  
• promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe

Enlightenment thinkers encouraged the improvement of society through the

• teachings of the church
• use of reason
• development of absolutism
• establishment of a rigid social class structure

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the 

• separation of nationalities 
• religious values of the people
• equal distribution of wealth
• consent of the governed

In which way did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution?

• Superstition and ignorance were promoted.
•  The principles of mercantilism were glorified.
• The divine right theory of kings was challenged.
• Punishments for criminal acts were rooted in vengeance.

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

• The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.
• Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.
• Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.
• The Columbian exchange occurred.