Oswaldo Cruz and Public Health in Early 20th Century Brazil

What was the initial reward offered for each mouse during the bubonic plague outbreak?

• 310 reis

• 1000 reis

• 200 reis

• 500 reis

Where did Oswaldo Cruz study microbiology before returning to Brazil?

• Harvard University

• University of Oxford

• University of Berlin

• Pasteur Institute in Paris

What position did Oswaldo Cruz assume in 1903?

• Minister of Health

• General Director of Public Health

• Mayor of Rio de Janeiro

• Head of the Pasteur Institute

Which Cuban doctor discovered that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes?

• Fidel Castro

• Ernesto Guevara

• Jose Marti

• Carlos Finley

What was the public's reaction to the compulsory vaccination law?

• They were indifferent

• They revolted

• They were confused

• They welcomed it

What drastic measure did the government take in response to the public revolt?

• Declared a state of siege

• Increased the reward for mice

• Closed all ports

• Reduced taxes

What was required for people who wanted to work, study, or marry after the repeal of the compulsory vaccination law?

• A health certificate

• A government permit

• A vaccination

• A doctor's note

What was the outcome of the vaccination efforts over time?

• No change in smallpox cases

• Outbreak of another disease

• Decrease in smallpox cases

• Increase in smallpox cases

In which year did Oswaldo Cruz receive the highest award in Germany for health and public health?

• 1910

• 1903

• 1907

• 1905

Who eventually saluted Oswaldo Cruz as a national hero?

• The military

• Rui Barbosa

• President Rodrigues Alves

• The press