Final Review

What is deviance?

• behavior that supports established social norms

• behavior that violates established social norms

• behavior that is clearly criminal in nature

Which theory puts forward the idea that strong social bonds increase conformity and decrease deviance?

• Structural Strain Theory

• Labeling

• Social Control

According to Robert Merton's Structural Strain Theory, these are individuals who accept society's approved goals but not the approved means to achieve them.

• Innovators

• Rebels

• Ritualists

According to Robert Merton's Structural Strain Theory, these are individuals who reject society's approved goals & work toward their own goals using new means.

• Retreatists

• Innovators

• Rebels

This macro theory is most concerned with how inequalities of wealth & power produce different definitions of deviance.

• Conflict

• Functionalism

• Symbolic-Interactionist

This theory posits that we learn to be deviant through our associations with deviant peers.

• Labeling Theory

• Structural Strain Theory

• Differential Association Theory

This theory revolves around the idea that deviance is a consequence of external judgements.

• Differential Association Theory

• Labeling Theory

• Conflict Theory

An inaccurate statement or belief that, by altering the situation, becomes accurate.

• self-fulfilling prophecy

• tertiary deviance

• primary deviance

A violation of a norm that has been codified into law.

• more

• folkway

• crime

An approach to punishment that relies on the threat of harsh penalties to discourage criminal behavior.

• deterrence

• retribution

• rehabilitation