Katford & Koller

Who is Werner Koller?

• Swiss linguist

• German linguist

• English linguist

In which book did W. Koller describe the types of equivalence?

• Introduction to Translation Studies

• Translation Studies

• Equivalence in Translation

How many types of equivalence did W.Koller identify?

• 6

• 7

• 5

Denotative equivalence is

• It's related to equivalence of the extra linguistic content of a text.

• Is related to text types with different kinds of text behaving in different ways.

• Is related to the lexical choices especially between near- synonyms.

Text normative equivalence

• Is related to the lexical choices especially between near - synonyms.

• Is oriented towards the receiver of the text or message.

• Is related to text types, with different kinds of text behaving in different ways.

Pragmatic/ Communicative equivalence

• Is related to text types, with different kinds of texts behaving in different ways.

• Is oriented towards the receiver of the text on message.

• Is it related to equivalence of the extra linguistic content of a text

What is approach in translation was John Catford given?

• Have a preference for a more linguistic- based approach to translation.

• Have a preference for a more extra linguistic approach to translation.

• Had a preference for a more communicative approach to translation.

Select several J. Catford criteria:

• full translation vs partial translation

• literary translation vs partial translation

• rank-bound vs unbound translation

• total translation vs restricted translation

• full translation vs total translation

How main types of translation TL shifts?

• 5

• 4

• 8

• 2

What are the main types of translation TL shifts?

• Jevel shifts

• Category Shifts

• Linguistic shifts

• Equivalence shifts