B3.1 Gas exchange

What is the process that occurs in all living cells and releases energy in the form of ATP?

• Glycolysis

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Transpiration

What is the main function of stomata in plant leaves?

• Regulate water flow

• Control gas exchange

• Absorb sunlight

• Store nutrients

What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle on the epidermis of a leaf?

• Control gas exchange

• Facilitate transpiration

• Prevent gas exchange

• Increase water loss

Which factor does not affect the rate of transpiration in plants?

• Soil pH

• Light intensity

• Temperature

• Air movement

What is the main function of alveoli in mammalian lungs?

• Control ventilation

• Produce surfactant

• Transport oxygen

• Facilitate gas exchange

What is the main function of haemoglobin in the blood?

• Digesting nutrients

• Regulating body temperature

• Producing carbon dioxide

• Transporting oxygen

What is the significance of foetal haemoglobin having a higher affinity for oxygen?

• Prevents oxygen from binding to haemoglobin

• Increases the risk of carbon dioxide poisoning

• Causes respiratory issues in newborns

• Allows the foetus to obtain oxygen from the mother's blood

What is the Bohr effect in relation to haemoglobin?

• Decrease in blood pH due to low oxygen levels

• Enhancement of oxygen binding in the muscles

• Reduction in oxygen affinity due to high carbon dioxide levels

• Increase in oxygen saturation in the lungs

Why does the oxygen dissociation curve shift to the right when carbon dioxide levels increase?

• Increase in oxygen saturation in the blood

• Reduction in blood pH

• Enhanced binding of oxygen to haemoglobin

• Lowering of haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

What does the steep region of the oxygen dissociation curve represent?

• Low affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

• Slow binding of oxygen in the lungs

• Readily release of oxygen in respiring tissues

• High oxygen saturation in the blood