Ch. 2 and Ch. 11 Review

What are nucleic acids?

• Long chains of amino acid molecules

• Macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together

• A large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water

• One sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

• They have a nucleus

• They are multicellular organisms

• Genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasm

• They have specialized functions

What is the function of mitochondria?

• To make lipids such as cholesterol

• To release energy made during chemical reactions

• To prepare proteins for their specific jobs or function

• To transport substances from one area of a cell to another area

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

• To direct cell activities and contain genetic information

• To be involved in the production of proteins

• To store food, water, and waste materials

• To move a cell or move molecules away from a cell

What does the term "semipermeable" describe?

• A membrane that only allows certain substances to enter or leave a cell

• The movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy

• The movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy

• A fluid inside the cell that contains salts and other molecules

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

• To make ribosomes

• To prepare proteins for their specific jobs or function

• To release energy made during chemical reactions

• To store food, water, and waste materials

What is the main difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

• Rough ER makes lipids, smooth ER makes proteins

• Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, smooth ER does not

• Rough ER is involved in photosynthesis, smooth ER is not

• Rough ER stores food, smooth ER stores water

What is the function of lysosomes?

• To transport substances from one area of a cell to another area

• To help break down and recycle cellular components

• To store food, water, and waste materials

• To release energy made during chemical reactions

What is the process called when water molecules diffuse through a membrane?

• Diffusion

• Endocytosis

• Osmosis

• Fermentation

Which type of proteins form pores through the membrane to carry atomic particles?

• Carrier proteins

• Channel proteins

• Enzymes

• Structural proteins