Final Exam Review Quiz

What process is represented by the creation of two daughter cells containing identical copies of DNA?

• Cell differentiation

• Cell division

• Stem cells

• Specialized cell

What is cell differentiation?

• How cells become different
• How cells stay the same

What type of cell is created through the expression of epithelial-specific genes?

• Stem cells

• Neuron

• Epithelial cell

• Specialized cell

In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes
• The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on in each cell
• Each cell has its own unique DNA
• The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes

How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?

• The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off
• Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off
• Genes turn on and off randomly
• The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.

How does cell differentiation contribute to the single becoming a multicellular organism?

• By creating identical copies of DNA

• By producing unspecialized cells

• By forming specialized cells with specific functions

• By maintaining the single-cell state

What are the two main causes of cancer at the molecular level?

• Hereditary and environmental carcinogenic agents

• Viral infections and bacterial infections

• Poor diet and lack of exercise

• Excessive sunlight and pollution

What happens to a cell during normal cell division if it is damaged?

• It continues to divide

• It undergoes apoptosis (cell death)

• It becomes cancerous

• It repairs itself

What is the result of a mutated tumor-suppressor gene?

• Normal cell growth

• Loss of growth control

• Increased cell death

• Decreased cell division

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?

• Evading apoptosis

• Insensitivity to anti-growth signals

• Limited replicative potential

• Sustained angiogenesis