MI 1.1 Unit Review Self Check

Match the following steps for prepping an unknown bacterial sample for BLAST analysis.

• production of variable length DNA samples with fluorescent markers

• remove contaminants from DNA

• separate the individual DNA pieces by length from smallest to largest

• copy the bacterial DNA

• extract DNA by dissolving cell wall with buffer

Explain what bioinformatics is and how it helps doctors treat patients.

• Bioinformatics is the study of biological data using computer software, and it helps doctors by providing genetic information for personalized medicine.

• Bioinformatics is the study of plant biology, and it helps doctors by providing information on herbal treatments.

• Bioinformatics is the study of animal behavior, and it helps doctors by providing insights into human psychology.

• Bioinformatics is the study of environmental science, and it helps doctors by providing data on pollution effects.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Antibody-based diagnostic tests, such as the ELISA assay, utilize fundamentals of human immune response to detect the presence of disease. Describe how antigen-antibody interaction works.

• Antibodies engulf and destroy antigens through phagocytosis.

• Antibodies lock onto specific complementary shapes on the surface of antigens.

• Antibodies break down antigens into smaller, harmless molecules.

• Antigens stimulate the production of large quantities of identical antibodies.

Which statement best explains how an ELISA assay works at the chemical level.

• ELISA assay involves the binding of antigens to primary antibodies, followed by secondary antibodies with enzymes that react with substrates to produce a detectable signal.

• ELISA assay involves the binding of antigens to secondary antibodies, followed by primary antibodies with enzymes that react with substrates to produce a detectable signal.

• ELISA assay involves the binding of antigens to enzymes, followed by primary antibodies with substrates that react with secondary antibodies to produce a detectable signal.

• ELISA assay involves the binding of antigens to substrates, followed by primary antibodies with enzymes that react with secondary antibodies to produce a detectable signal.

Describe the role of the following: Positive Control, Negative Control, Dilution.

• Positive Control: Ensures the test is working; Negative Control: Ensures no reaction occurs; Dilution: Reduces concentration.

• Positive Control: Ensures no reaction occurs; Negative Control: Ensures the test is working; Dilution: Increases concentration.

• Positive Control: Reduces concentration; Negative Control: Ensures the test is working; Dilution: Ensures no reaction occurs.

• Positive Control: Ensures no reaction occurs; Negative Control: Reduces concentration; Dilution: Ensures the test is working.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-3

Calculate the final concentration in a 5 step 1:10 Serial Dilution of a 200 mg/L of albumin protein sample.

• 0.2 mg/L

• 0.02 mg/L

• 2.0 x 10^-4 mg/L

• 2.0 x 10^-5 mg/L

You're making a refreshing sports drink by diluting a concentrated syrup with water. The concentrated syrup has a concentration (C1) of 50 grams per 100 milliliters (mL). You want to create a final solution (C2) with a concentration of 10 grams per 100 mL. If you want the final drink to be 300 mL (V2), how many milliliters (V1) of the concentrated syrup do you need to add?

• 60 mL

• 50 mL

• 30 mL

• 20 mL

Direct ELISA assay uses:

• a single antibody to recognize an antigen.

• two antibodies to recognize an antigen.

• uses starch indicator to recognize an antigen.

• PBS to recognize an antigen.

5.) In what order should you add the reagents to perform an ELISA test?

• a.) Primary antibody, antigen sample, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, substrate

• b.) Antigen sample, primary antibody, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, substrate

• c.) Substrate, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, antigen samples

• d.) Primary antibody, enzyme-linked secondary antibody, antigen samples, substrate

4.) During the ELISA test, the secondary antibody was attached to an enzyme. What happens when that enzyme becomes attached to the substrate?

• a.) The enzyme and the substrate reacted with the primary antibody and caused a color change.

• b.) The enzyme and the substrate work worked together to destroy the antigen, resulting in a color change.

• c.) The enzyme caused the substrate to change, resulting in a color change.

• d.) The substrate caused the enzyme to change, resulting in a color change.