Genetics and Human performance

Which would be considered a genotype?

• A. Expression of hair colour
• B. Rate of leg length growth
• C. The code for eye colour
• D. Proportion of muscle fibre type

Which statement demonstrates the influence of genes on athletic characteristics?

• A. All genes code for proteins at birth and then influence characteristics over time.
• B. Only 50% of genes can be inherited and therefore have limited influence on athletic performance.
• C. Individual genes influence the characteristics associated with athletic performance.
• D. Athletic characteristics are influenced by training and nutrition.

Which statements about genotype and phenotype are correct?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Which are considered to be an environmental influence on an athlete’s characteristics?

• A. I and II only
• B. I and III only
• C. II and III only
• D. I, II and III

Which term is defined correctly?

• A
• B
• C
• D

An athlete wants to improve their performance to become an elite high jumper. Which factors are predominantly environmental?

• A. I and II only
• B. I and III only
• C. II and III only
• D. I, II and III

How can genes influence human characteristics?

• A. I and II only
• B. I and III only
• C. II and III only
• D. I, II and III

A sporting institute sets up a talent ID programme. Which data would be most relevant?

• A. Ancestry
• B. Income
• C. Nationality
• D. Diet

Which statement is correct regarding gene expression?

• A.TraitslikeVO max and height are inherited and cannot be altered by environmental influence.
• B. Traits like VO max and height are not inherited but rely on environmental influence to reach their full potential.
• C. Phenotypic expression or human characteristics cannot be determined by genotype.
• D. The number of possible outcomes for human characteristics is limited due to the contribution from only two parents.

How can genes influence human characteristics?

• A. Genes code for carbohydrates, which are responsible for the development of an individual.
• B. Only a single, or at most a few, genes are responsible for superior athletic performance.
• C. The physical expressions of human characteristics are called genotypes.
• D. Genes can be switched on or off depending on internal or external factors.