Chapter 2: Respiratory

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

• Excretion

• Breathing

• Circulation

• Digestion

What happens during inhalation?

• The chest cavity expands and lungs contract

• The ribs move down and chest cavity shrinks

• The diaphragm relaxes and chest cavity becomes smaller

• The intercostals muscles contract and chest cavity expands

What is the condition called when there is insufficient oxygen in the body tissues?

• Hypertension

• Anemia

• Hypoxia

• Hyperthermia

What are the signs of moderate to severe hypoxia?

• Nausea, vomiting, and grey-blue skin

• Rapid breathing, restlessness, and headache

• Coughing, wheezing, and exhaustion

• Anxiety, cessation of breathing, and difficulty speaking

What is the main cause of an asthma attack?

• Muscle spasm in air passages

• Viral infection

• Allergic reaction

• Bacterial infection

What should be done during a mild asthma attack?

• Call 999 immediately

• Lay the casualty down flat

• Use a reliever inhaler and breathe slowly

• Perform CPR on the casualty

What are the main causes of airway obstruction?

• Blockage by tongue and blood while unresponsive

• Internal swelling of the throat

• Lung infections and collapsed lung

• High altitude and depressurized aircraft

What are the symptoms of airway obstruction?

• Wheezing, and exhaustion in severe cases

• Noisy breathing, red puffy face, and flaring nostrils

• Features of hypoxia, persistent cough

• Grey-blue skin

What is the first step in the management of a choking adult?

• Check for danger and move the casualty if needed

• Check for response

• Commence CPR

• Call 999 for emergency help

What should be done if the casualty is unconscious during choking?

• Lay the casualty down on a flat surface in front of first aider and perform active EMS (Emergency response system)

• Place the casualty in recovery position

• Check for sign of life

• Perform back blows and abdominal thrusts