Shock - Multiple Choice Questions

Shock is best described as:

• A temporary increase in heart rate

• A failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough oxygen to the body’s tissues

• A minor drop in blood pressure

• A slowing of breathing during rest

Which of the following is not a recognised type of shock?

• Hypovolaemic

• Cardiogenic

• Distributive

• Metabolic

Hypovolaemic shock is typically caused by:

• Excessive fluid loss such as bleeding or dehydration

• Blockage in the airways

• Excess insulin levels

• An allergic reaction

A common early clinical sign of shock in dogs includes:

• Blue mucous membranes

• Slow heart rate

• Weakness and cold limbs

• Strong pulses and pale pink gums

Distributive shock is most commonly associated with:

• Allergic reactions or severe infections

• Kidney stones

• Liver disease

• Diabetes

Which fluid type is most commonly used initially to treat hypovolaemic shock?

• 5% glucose solution

• Isotonic crystalloids (e.g. Hartmann’s or saline)

• Oral electrolyte water

In shock, the level of lactate in the blood is likely to rise because:

• The patient is breathing too fast

• The cells are producing energy without enough oxygen (anaerobic metabolism)

• The kidneys are excreting more bicarbonate

• The body is digesting food too slowly

Which of the following is the most reliable way to assess the response to shock treatment?

• Change in body weight

• Serial checks of blood pressure and perfusion (e.g. capillary refill time, pulse quality)

• Patient appetite

• Frequency of urination

Cardiogenic shock occurs when:

• The heart is unable to pump blood effectively

• There is a significant drop in blood sugar

• Blood vessels become unusually constricted

• The lungs fill with fluid

A capillary refill time (CRT) greater than 2 seconds may indicate:

• Good tissue perfusion

• Poor tissue perfusion and possible vasoconstriction

• Healthy heart function

• Proper hydration