What does the "cultural equivalent" translation technique involve?

Replacing a source language cultural word with a target language cultural word

Transferring a word exactly from the source language to the target language

Using a more general target language word along with target language sense components

Adding a note or explanation after the translation of the target language word or phrase

How does Newmark define cultural words?

Words that are associated with a particular language and cannot be literally translated

Words that are used in different languages with the same meaning

Words that are easy to translate due to their universal meaning

Words that have multiple translations in different languages

Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for translating proper names?

Literal translation without modification

What is a basic requirement for a sentence in English?

It must include both a subject and a verb predicate in finite form

It must contain at least ten words

It must consist of a subject, a verb, and an adverbial

What is the main difference between the active and passive voice in English?

In the active voice, the subject performs the action, while in the passive voice, the subject receives the action.

In the active voice, the subject receives the action, while in the passive voice, the subject performs the action.

The active voice always uses the verb "to be," while the passive voice does not.

The passive voice is only used for past tense verbs, while the active voice is used for present tense verbs.

What does the "classifier" technique involve?

Defining the class or cultural equivalent of a word to be translated

Adding a note or explanation after the translation of the target language word or phrase

Using two strategies to solve a single problem in translation

Transferring a word exactly from the source language to the target language

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes proper nouns from common nouns?

Common nouns are always capitalized, while proper nouns are not.

Proper nouns accept demonstrative pronouns as determiners, while common nouns do not.

Proper nouns accept restrictive adjectives or relative clauses, while common nouns do not.

Proper nouns do not accept the opposition between definite and indefinite articles, while common nouns do.

What is the function of figurative language?

B. To add layers of meaning dependent on culture or history

A. To provide direct, dictionary-based meaning

C. To convey literal meanings only

What is the purpose of expanding proper names with gloss or notes in translation?

To provide additional information about the referent

To avoid confusion with similar names in the target language

To maintain the original pronunciation

To make the translation more formal and academic

How are denotative and connotative meanings distinguished?

B. Denotative meaning refers to the core concept of a word, while connotative meaning refers to secondary associations.

A. Denotative meaning is subjective, while connotative meaning is objective.

C. Denotative meaning is influenced by many factors, while connotative meaning is accepted by the speech community.

D. Denotative meaning is always clear, while connotative meaning is ambiguous.

How should translators approach translating figurative language?

C. By making use of comparisons to help readers understand connotations

A. By translating the literal meaning only

B. By consulting a dictionary for synonyms

D. By avoiding the use of figurative language in translation

How are synonyms and antonyms defined?

B. Words with similar meanings and opposite meanings, respectively

A. Different words with identical meanings

C. Words with unrelated meanings

D. Words with multiple meanings

What is the function of figurative language?

C. To add layers of meaning dependent on culture or history

A. To provide direct, dictionary-based meaning

B. To convey literal meanings only

Why might translators find it challenging to identify the subject in a Vietnamese sentence?

Because Vietnamese grammar rules differ from English grammar rules

Because Vietnamese sentences lack clear subject-verb agreement

Because Vietnamese sentences always start with a prepositional phrase

Because Vietnamese sentences do not have subjects

Why does word-for-word or literal translation not work effectively in some cases between English and Vietnamese?

Because the position of elements like subject and object can vary between the two languages

Because Vietnamese does not have adverbs

Because Vietnamese sentence structure is always different from English

Because English and Vietnamese use different punctuation marks

When should names of organizations typically be translated?

When they contain common nouns that require translation

When they are unfamiliar to the target audience

When they have specific connotations in the text

When they are proper nouns but not names of organizations

How are synonyms and antonyms defined?

C. Synonyms are words with identical or very similar meanings, while antonyms are words with opposite or nearly opposite meanings.

A. Synonyms have opposite meanings, while antonyms have similar meanings.

B. Synonyms are unrelated words, while antonyms have identical meanings.

D. Synonyms are words with multiple meanings, while antonyms have single meanings.

How should translators approach translating figurative language?

C. By making use of comparison between different things to help readers understand connotations

A. By avoiding the use of comparison between different things

B. By consulting a dictionary for synonyms and antonyms

D. By translating figurative language literally, without considering cultural or historical context

How are sentence structures in English and Vietnamese generally similar?

They both have the same word order from left to right

They both require the subject to be placed at the end of the sentence

They both use commas to separate elements within a sentence

They both have strict rules for the placement of adverbs

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Understanding Figurative Language

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35 questions

What is denotation defined?

What is a collocation?

How do collocations differ from phrases?

What are phrasal units?

What is the primary characteristic of phrasal verbs?

How should translators approach translating idioms?

What is the purpose of providing explanations for idiomatic expressions in translation?

According to Peter Newmark, what is the general rule regarding the translation of people's names?

What term refers to words with several related meanings?

What term refers to the secondary meaning attaching to words beyond their central denotation?

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