formed by transfer of electrons, between a metal and a nonmetal

formed by sharing of electrons, between two or more nonmetals or a metalloid and a non-metal

electrons are shared unequally; between non metals with different electronegativities

electrons are shared equally; between similar non-metals or those with very small difference in electronegativity

Is the force that holds atoms of a metal together

A + B → C + D

A + B → C + D

A + B → ⬇️C + D

A + B → C +⬆️ D

A(s) + B(l) → C(g) + D(aq)