Quiz about Research Methodology Quiz

Question 1

What is the general expression of what the researcher intends to investigate called?

Accepted Answer

Aim

Answer

Hypothesis

Answer

Variables

Answer

Research Issues

Question 2

What is a predictive statement of what the researcher believes they will find called?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Answer

Aim

Answer

Variables

Answer

Research Techniques

Question 3

Which type of hypothesis states whether changes will be greater or lesser?

Accepted Answer

Directional (one-tailed)

Answer

Non-directional (two-tailed)

Answer

Confounding Variable

Answer

Extraneous Variables

Question 4

What is the thing you change to see the effect on the dependent variable called?

Accepted Answer

Independent Variable

Answer

Dependent Variable

Answer

Extraneous Variables

Answer

Confounding Variable

Question 5

What is the thing you are measuring in an experiment called?

Accepted Answer

Dependent Variable

Answer

Independent Variable

Answer

Extraneous Variables

Answer

Confounding Variable

Question 6

What are other things that could affect the dependent variable that you are not measuring called?

Accepted Answer

Extraneous Variables

Answer

Independent Variable

Answer

Dependent Variable

Answer

Confounding Variable

Question 7

What are other variables that have affected your results called?

Accepted Answer

Confounding Variable

Answer

Independent Variable

Answer

Dependent Variable

Answer

Extraneous Variables

Question 8

What is the use of chance when designing investigations to control for the effects of bias called?

Accepted Answer

Randomisation

Answer

Standardisation

Answer

Control Groups

Answer

Single Blind

Question 9

What involves using exactly the same formalised procedure for all participants in a research study?

Accepted Answer

Standardisation

Answer

Randomisation

Answer

Control Groups

Answer

Double Blind

Question 10

What is used for the purpose of setting a comparison and acts as a 'baseline' to help establish causation?

Accepted Answer

Control Groups

Answer

Randomisation

Answer

Standardisation

Answer

Single Blind

Question 11

In which type of study does the participant not know the aims of the study?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 12

In which type of study do both the participant and researcher not know the aim of the study?

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 13

In an Independent Groups design, how are participants allocated to groups?

Accepted Answer

Randomly allocated

Answer

By their choice

Answer

Based on their performance

Answer

By their age

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage of the Independent Groups design?

Accepted Answer

No order effects

Answer

Fewer participants used

Answer

Participants may guess the aim

Answer

Matching in practice is difficult

Question 15

In a Repeated Measures design, how are the conditions of the experiment managed to avoid order effects?

Accepted Answer

Counterbalanced

Answer

Randomly allocated

Answer

Based on participant variables

Answer

By their age

Question 16

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Repeated Measures design?

Accepted Answer

Order effects (fatigue/boredom; practice)

Answer

No order effects

Answer

Fewer participants used

Answer

Less likely to guess the aim

Question 17

In a Matched Pairs design, how are the two groups of participants related to each other?

Accepted Answer

By being paired on participant variables

Answer

By their age

Answer

By their performance

Answer

By their choice

Question 18

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Matched Pairs design?

Accepted Answer

Matching in practice is difficult

Answer

No order effects

Answer

Fewer participants used

Answer

Less likely to guess the aim

Question 19

Which type of experiment involves a controlled environment where extraneous and confounding variables can be regulated?

Accepted Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Natural Experiment

Answer

Quasi Experiment

Question 20

In which type of experiment does the researcher go to the participants and manipulate the independent variable in a natural setting?

Accepted Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Natural Experiment

Answer

Quasi Experiment

Question 21

Which type of experiment is characterized by the independent variable being based on a pre-existing difference between people, such as age or gender?

Accepted Answer

Quasi Experiment

Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Natural Experiment

Question 22

Which type of experiment does not manipulate the independent variable, and the dependent variable may be naturally occurring?

Accepted Answer

Natural Experiment

Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Quasi Experiment

Question 23

Which type of experiment is noted for having high control but does not demonstrate causal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Quasi Experiment

Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Natural Experiment

Question 24

Which type of experiment is evaluated as having greater external validity but may have ethical issues?

Accepted Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Natural Experiment

Answer

Quasi Experiment

Question 25

Which type of experiment is considered ethical and has greater external validity but may occur rarely?

Accepted Answer

Natural Experiment

Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Quasi Experiment

Question 26

Which type of experiment can be easily replicated but may lack generalisability?

Accepted Answer

Laboratory Experiment

Answer

Field Experiment

Answer

Natural Experiment

Answer

Quasi Experiment

Question 27

What is the main difference between a population and a sample in research?

Accepted Answer

A) A population includes all members of a group, while a sample includes only a subset.

Answer

B) A sample includes all members of a group, while a population includes only a subset.

Answer

C) A population is always smaller than a sample.

Answer

D) A sample is always larger than a population.

Question 28

Which type of sampling involves selecting participants who are the most available and willing at the time?

Accepted Answer

C) Opportunity Sample

Answer

A) Volunteer Sample

Answer

B) Random Sample

Answer

D) Systematic Sample

Question 29

What is a key disadvantage of using a Volunteer Sample?

Accepted Answer

B) It is likely to be biased.

Answer

A) It is time-consuming.

Answer

C) It is not representative.

Answer

D) It is expensive.

Question 30

In which type of sampling does every person in the target population have an equal chance of being selected?

Accepted Answer

D) Random Sample

Answer

A) Systematic Sample

Answer

B) Stratified Sample

Answer

C) Opportunity Sample

Question 31

What is a disadvantage of using a Random Sample?

Accepted Answer

B) It is not necessarily representative.

Answer

A) It is biased.

Answer

C) It is time-consuming.

Answer

D) It is expensive.

Question 32

Which sampling method involves selecting participants using a set pattern, such as every nth person from a list?

Accepted Answer

B) Systematic Sample

Answer

A) Stratified Sample

Answer

C) Volunteer Sample

Answer

D) Opportunity Sample

Question 33

What is an advantage of using a Systematic Sample?

Accepted Answer

B) It is unbiased.

Answer

A) It is quick.

Answer

C) It is representative.

Answer

D) It is inexpensive.

Question 34

In Stratified Sampling, participants are selected according to what criteria?

Accepted Answer

B) Their frequency in the target population.

Answer

A) Their availability and willingness.

Answer

C) Their willingness to volunteer.

Answer

D) A random selection from the entire population.

Question 35

What is a disadvantage of using a Stratified Sample?

Accepted Answer

C) It won't reflect all personal differences.

Answer

A) It is biased.

Answer

B) It is not representative.

Answer

D) It is time-consuming.

Question 36

What is the purpose of informed consent in research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure participants are aware of the study details and can make an informed decision

Answer

To deceive participants about the study's true nature

Answer

To withhold information from participants

Answer

To ensure participants' personal data is shared with other researchers

Question 37

What should participants be given the right to do to protect them from harm?

Accepted Answer

To withdraw at any time

Answer

To be deceived about the study

Answer

To have their personal data shared

Answer

To be misled about the study's aim

Question 38

What does debriefing involve in the context of deception in research?

Accepted Answer

Telling participants the true aim of the study and details that were not given

Answer

Withholding information from participants

Answer

Sharing participants' personal data with other researchers

Answer

Recording participants' personal details

Question 39

What is the main concern of privacy/confidentiality in research?

Accepted Answer

Controlling information about participants

Answer

Deceiving participants about the study

Answer

Withholding the study's true aim

Answer

Allowing participants to withdraw at any time

Question 40

What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlation study?

Accepted Answer

An experiment manipulates variables, while a correlation study does not.

Answer

A correlation study manipulates variables, while an experiment does not.

Answer

Both an experiment and a correlation study manipulate variables.

Answer

Neither an experiment nor a correlation study manipulates variables.

Question 41

What do correlations illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The strength and direction of an association between two co-variables.

Answer

The cause and effect relationship between two variables.

Answer

The independent and dependent variables in an experiment.

Answer

The relationship between three or more variables.

Question 42

What type of correlation is described when one variable increases and the other decreases?

Accepted Answer

Negative correlation

Answer

Positive correlation

Answer

Zero correlation

Answer

Neutral correlation

Question 43

What does a zero correlation indicate?

Accepted Answer

No relationship between the two variables.

Answer

A strong positive relationship between two variables.

Answer

A strong negative relationship between two variables.

Answer

A fluctuating relationship between two variables.

Question 44

What is one of the limitations of correlation studies mentioned in the evaluation?

Accepted Answer

The method used to measure variables may be flawed.

Answer

They are very expensive.

Answer

They can demonstrate cause and effect.

Answer

They are not useful for research.

Question 45

What is a scattergram used for in correlation studies?

Accepted Answer

To illustrate the strength and direction of an association between two co-variables.

Answer

To plot the relationship between three or more variables.

Answer

To manipulate the independent variable.

Answer

To measure the dependent variable.

Question 46

Which type of observation takes place where the target behavior would normally occur?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic

Answer

Controlled

Answer

Covert

Answer

Overt

Question 47

What is a key advantage of controlled observations?

Accepted Answer

Can be replicated

Answer

High external validity

Answer

Ethically questionable

Answer

Loss of objectivity

Question 48

In covert observations, participants are:

Accepted Answer

Unaware of being studied

Answer

Aware of being studied

Answer

Part of the group they are studying

Answer

Separate from the group

Question 49

What is a disadvantage of participant observation?

Accepted Answer

Loss of objectivity

Answer

More objective

Answer

High external validity

Answer

Can be replicated

Question 50

Which observational design involves making observations at regular intervals?

Accepted Answer

Time Sampling

Answer

Event Sampling

Answer

Covert Observation

Answer

Naturalistic Observation

Question 51

What is a disadvantage of using behavioral categories in observations?

Accepted Answer

Difficult to make clear

Answer

High external validity

Answer

Can be replicated

Answer

More objective

Question 52

What is a key advantage of non-participant observation?

Accepted Answer

More objective

Answer

Loss of insight

Answer

High external validity

Answer

Ethically questionable

Question 53

Which type of sampling may record infrequent behavior but oversimplifies complex behavior?

Accepted Answer

Event Sampling

Answer

Time Sampling

Answer

Covert Observation

Answer

Participant Observation

Question 54

Which of the following is an advantage of using questionnaires in self-report techniques?

Accepted Answer

Can be distributed to lots of people

Answer

Responses are always truthful

Answer

Responses are not biased

Answer

Difficult to analyze

Question 55

What is a disadvantage of using closed questions in questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

Respondents are restricted

Answer

Easier to analyze

Answer

Respondents are not restricted

Answer

Difficult to replicate

Question 56

Which type of interview involves a list of pre-determined questions asked in a fixed order?

Accepted Answer

Structured Interview

Answer

Unstructured Interview

Answer

Semi-Structured Interview

Answer

Open Interview

Question 57

What is an advantage of unstructured interviews?

Accepted Answer

There is greater flexibility

Answer

Easy to replicate

Answer

Interviewees cannot elaborate

Answer

Difficult to analyze

Question 58

What should be avoided when designing questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

Using jargon

Answer

Using simple language

Answer

Asking open questions

Answer

Distributing to many people

Question 59

What is a characteristic of open questions in questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

Respondents provide their own answers expressed in words

Answer

Respondent has limited choices

Answer

Easier to analyze

Answer

Responses are restricted

Question 60

What is a key aspect to consider when designing interviews?

Accepted Answer

Having an interview schedule

Answer

Avoiding ethics

Answer

Using jargon

Answer

Limiting the number of questions

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of Quantitative Data?

Accepted Answer

Reaction time

Answer

Extract from a diary

Answer

Interview transcript

Answer

Personal opinion

Question 62

What is a key advantage of Quantitative Data?

Accepted Answer

Easier to analyze

Answer

Represents complexities

Answer

Less easier to analyze

Answer

Inexpensive

Question 63

Which type of data is described as non-numerical and expressed in words?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative Data

Answer

Quantitative Data

Answer

Primary Data

Answer

Meta-Analysis

Question 64

What is a disadvantage of using Qualitative Data?

Accepted Answer

Less easier to analyze

Answer

Easier to analyze

Answer

Oversimplifies behavior

Answer

Required time and effort

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