Cell Structure

Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it produces the majority of the cell's ATP?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function in regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

• The cell membrane is rigid and impermeable, preventing any substances from entering or leaving the cell.

• The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, allowing selective permeability.

• The cell membrane is a single layer of lipids that allows all substances to pass freely.

• The cell membrane is made of carbohydrates that trap substances inside the cell.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Describe the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis and explain how their location within the cell affects their function.

• Ribosomes synthesize lipids and are found only in the nucleus.

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins and can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

• Ribosomes store genetic information and are located in the mitochondria.

• Ribosomes break down waste materials and are found in the lysosomes.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Analyze the relationship between the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its function in the cell.

• The smooth ER is involved in protein synthesis, while the rough ER is involved in lipid synthesis.

• The rough ER has ribosomes on its surface for protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

• The ER is a single, continuous membrane that stores genetic information.

• The ER is responsible for photosynthesis and is found only in plant cells.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Evaluate the importance of the Golgi apparatus in the modification and transport of proteins within the cell.

• The Golgi apparatus is responsible for DNA replication and is not involved in protein transport.

• The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

• The Golgi apparatus breaks down proteins into amino acids for energy.

• The Golgi apparatus synthesizes proteins and lipids.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

How does the structure of the lysosome enable it to effectively break down cellular waste and debris?

• Lysosomes have a double membrane that prevents enzymes from leaking out.

• Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can digest various macromolecules.

• Lysosomes are filled with water to dilute waste products.

• Lysosomes have ribosomes on their surface to synthesize digestive enzymes.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Compare and contrast the roles of the cell wall and the cell membrane in plant cells.

• The cell wall is flexible and allows all substances to pass through, while the cell membrane is rigid and impermeable.

• The cell wall provides structural support and protection, while the cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

• The cell wall is involved in photosynthesis, while the cell membrane stores genetic information.

• The cell wall and cell membrane both serve the same function of protecting the cell from external damage.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Explain how the structure of chloroplasts is related to their function in photosynthesis.

• Chloroplasts have a single membrane that captures light energy.

• Chloroplasts contain thylakoids stacked into grana, which increase the surface area for light absorption.

• Chloroplasts are filled with cytoplasm that aids in the synthesis of glucose.

• Chloroplasts have ribosomes that produce the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Discuss the significance of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and how its structure supports its function.

• The nucleus is a small, solid structure that stores lipids.

• The nucleus contains chromatin and a nucleolus, which are involved in genetic information storage and ribosome production.

• The nucleus is a fluid-filled sac that stores waste products.

• The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that synthesizes proteins.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Analyze how the cytoskeleton contributes to cell shape, movement, and division.

• The cytoskeleton is a rigid structure that prevents the cell from changing shape.

• The cytoskeleton is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that provide structural support and facilitate movement and division.

• The cytoskeleton is a fluid network that stores nutrients for the cell.

• The cytoskeleton is involved in photosynthesis and is found only in plant cells.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept