(G4-2) Final_SS_Chapter8_LS3_The Southwest’s Past

A home in cliffs

A Spanish word that means "village," and which refers to some American Indian groups in the Southwest.

A settlement set up by a religious group to teach religion and help area people

In 1908, G_____ M_______, an African American ranch manager, made an amazing discovery.

He found bones from long ago near Folsom, New Mexico. At the site was a spear point made by humans more than 10,000 years ago. Twenty-one years later, near Clovis, New Mexico, bones and a spear point were discovered that were even older. Archeologists learned that humans lived in the area far earlier than anyone had thought.

<Ancient Cultures of the Region>

More than 3,000 years ago, many different groups lived in what is now the Southwest. One of the earliest of these groups was the Ancient P________, or Anasazi. The Ancient P________ built cliff dwellings, or homes in the cliffs, in present-day New Mexico and Arizona. The H______ lived in what is now central Arizona. They built a system of canals. These canals brought water from the Salt River and the Gila River to their farms. The M_______ people lived along rivers in Arizona and New Mexico. There, they farmed and hunted.

<American Indians>

in the 1500s The Ancient Puebloans, Hohokam, and Mogollon groups are the ancestors to some of today’s American Indians. Like the Ancient Puebloans, the H___ and Z___ built large villages. When the Spanish came, they called these villages pueblos. That is the Spanish word for “village.” The Hopi and Zuni farmed crops such as corn, beans, and cotton.

<American Indians>

The P___ people were farmers, too. They used the canal systems that the Hohokam built to irrigate their crops. The Mojave and Yuma farmed in the river valleys.

<American Indians>

Some American Indians, such as the A_____ and C_______, came to the Southwest from the north.

Both the Apache and the Comanche were nomads. Nomads are people who move from place to place. The Navajo people came from the north, too. Like other groups, they were farmers and raised sheep

<The Spanish Arrive>

The Spanish Arrive In the 1500s, Spain sent explorers to the Americas. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was part of an early expedition. In 1528, the expedition landed on the coast of what is now Texas. Soon, however, Cabeza de Vaca was one of only four survivors. Another was an African, Estevan. Cabeza de Vaca and Estevan set out to reach Mexico City. It was the capital of New Spain located in what is now Mexico. When they arrived in the city, they said that they heard about rich “______ of ____” while they were traveling. These cities could be found in what is now the Southwest region.

<The Colonial Period>

At the heart of the Spanish colonies were ________. A mission is the headquarters of missionaries.

The goal of the missions was to claim land and teach Christian beliefs to the American Indians.

The Spanish set up missions across the Southwest. Near many, they built settlements called _________. Soldiers lived at the presidios so that they could protect the missions.