Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, and Plastid

Besides being found in cells singly as well as on endoplasmic reticulum, some ribosomes occur in clumps or clusters collectively known as __________.

• riboclusters

• polyribosomes

• ribosomeclusters

• polysomes

Answer explanation

Some ribosomes occur in clumps or clusters collectively known as polyribosomes or polysomes, besides being found in cells singly or on endoplasmic reticulum.

Certain __________ synthesized in the ribosomes move along the endoplasmic reticulum to the __________, where they are concentrated.

• plastids, lysosomes

• peroxisomes, autosomes

• glycoproteins, mesosomes

• polysaccharides, mesosomes

• chemicals, Golgi apparatus

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'chemicals, Golgi apparatus' as certain chemicals synthesized in the ribosomes move along the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where they are concentrated.

Chemicals that are concentrated and stored in the Golgi apparatus are later released from the cell by secretory vesicles that are produced by the outer portion of the Golgi apparatus when it moves to the __________.

• cell surface

• lysosome

• mesosome

• autosome

• ribosome

Answer explanation

Chemicals stored in the Golgi apparatus are released by secretory vesicles produced by the outer Golgi moving to the cell surface, making 'cell surface' the correct choice.

Some simple sugars may be modified in the Golgi apparatus, synthesizing more complex polysaccharides that can then be attached to proteins forming __________ and __________ that can be used for mucus secretion.

• starch, celluloproteins

• glycogen, mucoproteins

• photoglycogen, mucoglycogen

• glycopolysaccharides, glucopolysaccharides

• glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides' as these are the complex polysaccharides attached to proteins for mucus secretion

__________contain strong digestive enzymes that act as the cell's digestive system, making it possible for the cell to process within its cytoplasm, particles taken in by pinocytosis or phagocytosis.

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Lysosomes

Answer explanation

Lysosomes contain strong digestive enzymes that act as the cell's digestive system, allowing the cell to process particles taken in by pinocytosis or phagocytosis within its cytoplasm.

Often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, __________ supply the cell with the chemical energy in the form of the high-energy molecule adenosine triphosphate.

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

• lysosomes

• endoplasmic reticulum

Answer explanation

The correct choice is mitochondria as they supply the cell with chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate.

The inner membranes of the mitochondria have many inwardly directed folds, the __________, which extend into a semifluid matrix.

• cristae

• mitochondrion

• cortex

• vesicles

Answer explanation

The correct term for the inwardly directed folds in the inner membranes of mitochondria is cristae.

In plastids, stacks of lamellae are the __________

• thylakoids

• starch

• mitochondria

• grana

Answer explanation

In plastids, stacks of lamellae are the grana.

The many double membranes found in plastids are called __________.

• peroxisomes

• stomata

• lamellae

• nucleoids

Answer explanation

The correct term for the many double membranes found in plastids is 'lamellae'.

The proteinaceous matrix inside plastids is known as the __________.

• stromal

• plastin

• chloroplasta

• stroma

Answer explanation

The proteinaceous matrix inside plastids is known as the stroma.