Respiratory System Anatomy

How many lobes does the Right Lung have?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Answer explanation

The right lung has 3 lobes: the upper, middle, and lower lobes. This is in contrast to the left lung, which has only 2 lobes. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

How many lobes does the Left Lung have?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Answer explanation

The left lung has 2 lobes: the upper lobe and the lower lobe. This is in contrast to the right lung, which has 3 lobes. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

What is the Apex of the lung?

• The superior part of the lung

• The inferior part of the lung

• The middle portion of the lung

• The medial indentation where blood vessels enter

Answer explanation

The apex of the lung refers to its superior part, which is located at the top of the lung. This distinguishes it from the inferior part, middle portion, and the medial indentation where blood vessels enter.

What is the Base of the lung?

• The superior part that sits above the clavicle

• The inferior part that sits on the diaphragm at the level of the 4th to 5th rib

• The middle portion at the sternum

• The indentation between lobes

Answer explanation

The base of the lung refers to its inferior part, which rests on the diaphragm. This area is located at the level of the 4th to 5th rib, making the second answer choice correct.

What is the Hilus of the lung?

• Superior point of the lung

• Indentation on the medial surface where blood vessels enter and leave

• Opening into the trachea

• Site of gas exchange in the alveoli

Answer explanation

The Hilus of the lung is the indentation on the medial surface where blood vessels, bronchi, and nerves enter and leave the lung. This distinguishes it from other options, which do not accurately describe the Hilus.

What are Fissures in the lungs?

• Spaces filled with surfactant

• Indentations between lobes of the lung

• Indentations on medial surface where vessels enter

• Sites of gas exchange

Answer explanation

Fissures in the lungs are the indentations that separate the lobes. They help define the structure of the lungs, making the correct answer 'Indentations between lobes of the lung'.

Which of the following are functions of the respiratory system? (Select all that apply)

• pH regulation

• Filtration and humidification

• Supports regulation of blood volume and pressure

• Production of sound from the larynx

• Sense of smell

Answer explanation

The respiratory system functions include pH regulation, filtration and humidification of air, supporting blood volume and pressure regulation, sound production via the larynx, and contributing to the sense of smell.

What are the functions of the Nose? (Select all that apply)

• Conducts air to the nasal passages

• Cleanses/filters the air as it enters

• Gas exchange with blood

• Humidifies and warms the air as it enters the airway

• Produces sound

Answer explanation

The nose conducts air to the nasal passages, cleanses and filters it, and humidifies and warms the air before it enters the airway. It does not participate in gas exchange or produce sound.

Which mechanisms in the Nose help cleanse and protect the airway? (Select all that apply)

• Vibrissae (hair) filter the air

• Mucosal lining traps pathogens

• Serous glands secrete lysosomes & defensins that kill bacteria

• Cilia move mucus and debris from the airway

• Production of surfactant

Answer explanation

The mechanisms that help cleanse and protect the airway include vibrissae filtering air, mucosal lining trapping pathogens, serous glands secreting antibacterial substances, and cilia moving mucus and debris out of the airway.

What are the functions of the Pharynx? (Select all that apply)

• Conducts air to the Larynx

• Nasopharynx protects, uvula shuts off nasal cavity during swallowing

• Oropharynx protects, contains tonsils that entrap pathogens

• Laryngopharynx protects, closes off trachea during swallowing

• Gas exchange with alveoli

Answer explanation

The pharynx conducts air to the larynx and has protective functions in its regions: the nasopharynx closes off the nasal cavity, the oropharynx contains tonsils, and the laryngopharynx closes off the trachea during swallowing.