URBAN GEOGRAPHY ( FOR FINALS)

A rural community heavily relies on agriculture, but lack of modern techniques leads to low productivity  

      and food insecurity. Which SDG is most relevant to address this challenge?

    

• SDG 1: No Poverty

• SDG 2: Zero Hunger

• SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

• SDG 15: Life on Land

Answer explanation

SDG 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. It directly addresses issues such as low productivity in agriculture and food insecurity, which are prevalent in rural communities that heavily rely on agriculture but lack modern techniques. Implementing SDG 2 would involve improving agricultural productivity through sustainable practices, ensuring food availability, and promoting resilience among vulnerable populations.

Corruption is a persistent issue in many government institutions in the Philippines, hindering sustainable development efforts. Which SDG emphasizes the importance of building strong institutions and promoting transparency?

• SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

• SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

• SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

• SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

Answer explanation

SDG 16 specifically focuses on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all, and building effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. It aims to reduce corruption and bribery, ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory, and representative decision-making, and strengthen the rule of law. SDG 16 seeks to strengthen institutions to provide effective public services, enforce laws fairly, and ensure accountability and transparency in governance.

In the aftermath of Typhoon Odette, communities in the Visayas region are rebuilding infrastructure and livelihoods. Which SDG emphasizes the need for disaster resilience and recovery?

    

• SDG 1: No Poverty

• SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

• SDG 13: Climate Action

• SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Answer explanation

SDG 13 focuses on taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. This includes strengthening resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries. Typhoons, like Odette, are worsen by climate change and underscore the importance of building resilience to such events.

What does the term "sustainable development" refer to in the context of urban planning?

• Exploiting natural resources without concern for long-term consequences

• Ignoring social and environmental issues in favor of economic prosperity

• Maximizing short-term economic growth regardless of environmental consequences

• Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Answer explanation

The term "sustainable development" in the context of urban planning refers to the integration of economic, social, and environmental considerations in decision-making processes. It involves planning and managing urban areas in a way that ensures current needs are met while preserving resources and ecosystems for future generations. This approach seeks to balance development with environmental protection and social equity, aiming for long-term viability and resilience.

Which governmental body in the Philippines plays a key role in implementing disaster risk reduction and management measures?

• Department of Finance (DOF

• Department of Health (DOH)

• National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

• National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)

Answer explanation

The NDRRMC is the agency responsible for coordinating disaster risk reduction and management efforts in the Philippines. It leads in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery activities, working closely with various government agencies, local government units, and other stakeholders to ensure a coordinated and effective approach to disaster management across the country.

In the Cordillera region, mining activities are causing environmental degradation and displacement of

      indigenous communities. Which SDG emphasizes the need for responsible consumption and production?

     

• SDG 14: Life Below Water

• SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

• SDG 15: Life on Land

• SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Answer explanation

SDG 12 aims to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. It includes targets to achieve sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources, reduce the environmental impact of economic activities (including mining), and promote sustainable practices in industries and businesses.

Which of the following is a renewable energy source commonly used in sustainable urban development?

     

• Coal

• Natural gas

• Solar power

• Diesel

Answer explanation

Solar power is derived from sunlight and is considered renewable because it is naturally replenished. It is widely used in sustainable urban development for generating electricity through solar panels installed on rooftops or in solar farms. Solar power helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promotes energy independence, and contributes to sustainable development goals related to clean energy (SDG 7) and sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11).

What approach should the Philippines take to ensure access to clean water for all its citizens?

   

• Subsidizing industries with high water consumption

• Privatizing water resources and increasing water prices

• Privatizing water resources and increasing water prices

• Investing in water infrastructure and promoting conservation measures

Answer explanation

Investing in water infrastructure involves improving and expanding water supply systems, distribution networks, and storage facilities. This helps to ensure that clean water is available and accessible to all communities, including those in rural and underserved areas.

A community aims to promote inclusive and equitable quality education for all. Which program supports progress towards

      SDG 4 (Quality Education)?

  

• Ignoring education disparities

• Encouraging gender-based discrimination in schools.

• Providing free and compulsory education for all children.

• Implementing scholarship programs for privileged students only

Answer explanation

SDG 4 focuses on ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. Providing free and compulsory education for all children helps to eliminate barriers to education, particularly for marginalized and disadvantaged groups. It ensures that all children, regardless of their socio-economic background, have access to education, which is essential for achieving SDG 4 targets.

Alice is a teacher in a low-income community. She wants to educate her students about environmental conservation. What action promotes sustainable development goals?

    

• Encouraging students to litter in designated area  

• Teaching students to waste water and electricity 

• Organizing community clean-up drives

• Ignoring environmental issues in the curriculum

Answer explanation

Organizing community clean-up drives helps in directly addressing environmental issues by reducing litter and improving the cleanliness of public spaces. It promotes responsible waste management practices and instills a sense of environmental stewardship among students and the community.