Transistors and Their Impact on Modern Technology

What invention made the incredible evolution of computers possible?

• The integrated circuit

• The microprocessor

• The vacuum tube

• The transistor

What is a semiconductor?

• A material that conducts electricity only at low temperatures

• A material that partially conducts electricity

• A material that does not conduct electricity

• A material that fully conducts electricity

What is the process of adding impurities to a semiconductor called?

• Oxidation

• Annealing

• Diffusion

• Doping

What type of semiconductor is created when it is doped with an atom that carries an extra electron?

• n-type semiconductor

• p-type semiconductor

• Intrinsic semiconductor

• Extrinsic semiconductor

What is formed when a p-type and an n-type semiconductor are sandwiched together?

• A transistor

• A capacitor

• A diode

• A resistor

In a transistor, what is the role of the gate?

• To act as a drain for electrons

• To provide a source of electrons

• To control the current flow

• To insulate the semiconductor

What happens when a positive voltage is applied to the gate of a transistor?

• The transistor becomes an insulator

• A channel opens from the source to the drain

• Holes are attracted to the gate

• Electrons are repelled from the gate

How does a transistor act as a switch?

• By allowing current to flow only when a certain voltage is applied

• By blocking current flow in both directions

• By converting electrical energy into light

• By storing electrical charge

According to Moore's law, how often must the number of transistors in a microprocessor double?

• Every six months

• Every year

• Every five years

• Every two years

What is the primary benefit of the scalability of transistors?

• Higher manufacturing costs

• Increased power consumption

• Larger device sizes

• Increased processing speed